8.P.2.1
Which would least likely have an impact on global climate changes?
A. producing energy using hydroelectric plants
B. producing energy using coal
C. producing energy using oil
D. producing energy using natural gas
A. producing energy using hydroelectric plants
When water used to cool machinery is returned to a river, it raises the river water temperature.This causes a sharp decline in small invertebrate populations. Based on the food web, a likely consequence of this change would be
A. an increase in the number of clams.
B. a decrease in the number of water plants.
C. an increase in the number of crabs.
D. a decrease in the number of crayfish.
D. a decrease in the number of crayfish.
Which of the following processes makes it possible for plants to use energy from sunlight to produce their own food?
A. metamorphosis B. photosynthesis C. pollination D. reproduction
B. photosynthesis
Which statement best explains how periods on the periodic table are organized?
A. increasing atomic number from left to right
B. increasing number of neutrons from left to right
C. decreasing number of electrons from left to right
D. decreasing atomic mass number from left to right
A. increasing atomic number from left to right
The presence of gill-like slits in a human embryo is considered to be evidence for the
A. theory that fish and mammals have a common ancestry.
B. theory that the first organisms on Earth were heterotrophs.
C. close relationship between fish and mammalian reproductive patterns.
D. close relationship between humans and annelids.
A. theory that fish and mammals have a common ancestry.
Which is a possible disadvantage of using flowing water to produce electricity?
A. ecosystem damage and loss of land
B. reduced carbon dioxide emission
C. only suitable for industrial use
D. creates reservoirs
A. ecosystem damage and loss of land
Which statement best describes what will most likely happen if the amphipod population is removed from this food web? A. Population sizes of species at feeding levels both before and after amphipods will decrease. B. Population sizes of species at feeding levels both before and after amphipods will increase. C. Population sizes of species at feeding levels after amphipods will increase and before amphipods will decrease. D. Population sizes of species at feeding levels after amphipods will decrease and before amphipods will increase.
D. Population sizes of species at feeding levels after amphipods will decrease and before amphipods will increase.
Which of the following statements describes a difference between photosynthesis and cellular respiration in plants?
A. photosynthesis occurs only during the day, whereas cellular respiration occurs only at night.
B. photosynthesis involves only one reaction, whereas cellular respiration involves many steps.
C. Photosynthesis occurs only in cells containing chlorophyll, but cellular respiration occurs in all cells.
D. Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy, but cellular respiration converts light energy into heat energy.
C. Photosynthesis occurs only in cells containing chlorophyll, but cellular respiration occurs in all cells.
An ice cube is put into a heated pan. What will most likely happen to the molecules in the ice as the ice is heated?
A. The molecules will begin to move slower.
B. The molecules will begin to move faster.
C. The molecules will begin to increase in density.
D. The molecules will begin to condense in the air.
B. The molecules will begin to move faster.
In future generations, the frequency of a mutant gene may tend to increase. This would occur in a given environment if the new trait has
A. the ability to form a fossil.
B. a high survival value.
C. a common ancestry.
D. no advantage in competition.
B. a high survival value.
Which is a problem with using wind turbines to produce energy?
A. Wind turbines are efficient only in certain areas.
B. Wind turbines occupy a small area of land.
C. Wind turbines produce a large amount of energy.
D. Wind turbines create a large amount of pollution.
A. Wind turbines are efficient only in certain areas.
3. Base your answer to the following question on the food web and graph below and on your knowledge of biology. The graph represents the interaction of two different populations, A and B, in the food web.
Population A is made up of living animals. The members of population B feed on these living animals. The members of population B are most likely A. scavengers. B. autotrophs C. predators. D. parasites.
C. predators.
Why is protein an important part of a healthy diet?
A. It is needed to change glucose to energy.
B. It is needed to store nutrients.
C. It is needed to repair tissue.
D. It is needed to produce water
C. It is needed to repair tissue.
What happens to water molecules during the boiling process?
A. They move faster and move farther apart as they absorb heat.
B. They move faster and remain close together as they absorb heat.
C. They move more slowly but move farther apart as they lose heat.
D. They move faster and move farther apart as they lose heat.
A. They move faster and move farther apart as they absorb heat.
A possible conclusion based on the modern theory of evolution is that
A. most species have changed.
B. all living things developed from fish.
C. most plants and animals can interbreed.
D. all dogs are more closely related to fish than to whales.
A. most species have changed.
A city plans to replace a coal-powered power station with a solar-powered power station. Which type
of resources are associated in the switch of power stations?
A. nonrenewable resource to renewable resource
B. renewable resource to nonrenewable resource
C. one type of nonrenewable resource to a different type of nonrenewable resource
D. one type of renewable resource to a different type of renewable resource
A. nonrenewable resource to renewable resource
Which best determines the number of wolves that can live in an area? A. the amount of snow in the area each year
B. the number of birds that live in the area
C. the number of trees in the area
D. the amount of food available in the area
C. the number of trees in the area
Which molecule is scientifically considered food, and why?
A. Vitamin C; it has a complex structure.
B. Sodium; it is present in cells.
C. Phosphate; it is required in the structure of DNA.
D. Cholesterol; it provides energy when it reacts with oxygen.
D. Cholesterol; it provides energy when it reacts with oxygen.
Which pair of elements has the most similar properties?
A. Li and B
B. Ca and I
C. K and He
D. N and P
D. N and P
Characteristics that are harmful to a species tend to decrease in frequency from generation to generation because these characteristics usually
A. have a high survival value for the species.
B. have a low survival value for the species.
C. are inherited by more individuals.
D. select only the older members of the population.
B. have a low survival value for the species.
Solar panels are installed on rooftops or are mounted to the ground to collect solar energy. To harness energy from oil, the oil is extracted from within Earth’s crust by drilling down to great depths either on land or in oceans. Based on this information, what is an advantage of solar panels over oil?
A. Solar panels occupy more open space than oil rigs.
B. Solar panels do not pollute water sources, while oil rigs can accidentally leak.
C. Solar panels harness energy only during daylight hours, while oil rigs can work all day.
D. Solar panels are relatively more expensive to install than drilling for oil.
B. Solar panels do not pollute water sources, while oil rigs can accidentally leak.
What happens to a population and to competition when there is a reduction of living space?
A. The population expands and competition intensifies.
B. Competition strengthens while the population contracts.
C. The population increases as competition decreases.
D. Competition weakens and the population decreases.
B. Competition strengthens while the population contracts.
Plants absorb light energy from the Sun during the process of photosynthesis. Plants use this energy to prepare their own food. In which form is the light energy stored by plants?
A. atomic energy
B. chemical energy
C. mechanical energy
D. thermal energy
B. chemical energy
Which shows one example of a physical change and one example of a chemical change?
A. boiling water and melting wax
B. rusting iron and baking a cake
C. dissolving powder and shredding paper
D. freezing water and burning coal
D. freezing water and burning coal
Researchers discovered four different species of finches on one of the Galapagos Islands. DNA analysis showed that these four species, shown in the illustration below, are closely related even though they vary in beak shape and size.It is thought that they share a common ancestor. Which factor most likely influenced these differences in beak size and shape?
A. Birds with poorly adapted beaks changed their beaks to get food.
B. Birds with yellow beaks were able to hide from predators.
C. Birds with successful beak adaptations obtained food and survivied to have offspring.
D. Birds with large, sharp beaks become dominant.
C. Birds with successful beak adaptations obtained food and survivied to have offspring.