MSK Anatomy (UL)
Name the Rotator Cuff Muscles and point to them on body
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor & Subscapularis
120/80 mmHg
range: 90/60-120/80 mmHg
Ventilation
What fibres link matching areas of the two hemispheres. Hint: The corpus callosum is the largest of these fibres
Commissural fibres
Resisted lateral rotation with the elbow at 90 deg can test the strength of which muscles? There are two answers, one will suffice.
Teres Minor and Infraspinatus
Normal respiratory rate (RR)
12-16 breath cycles
Where zone does gas exchange between the air and blood occur
The brain stem consists of?
Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
Pain or weakness while performing the Empty Can Test could indicate a tear or impingement of what muscle?
Supraspinatus
Partial pressure of Oxygen
Partial pressure of Carbon Dioxide
11-14 kPa
4.5-6.0 kPa
Why do people recommend breathing into a paper bag when they are having a panic attack?
Hyperventilating = more CO2 expelled. The paper bag helps them to inhale the lost CO2 to decrease blood pH back to normal
Which tract conveys impulses concerned with muscle tone to the lateral columns of the spinal cord?
Bonus 50 pts: Is this a motor or sensory pathway?
Bonus 50 pts: Where in the midbrain does this pathway originate?
Rubrospinal tract
motor pathway (descending)
originates in Red Nucleus in posterior midbrain
C6, C7 and C8 form the Thoracodorsal nerve, what muscle is innervated by this nerve?
Latissimus Dorsi
Bicarbonate plasma levels
22-26 mmol/L
Would acute pneumonia fall under Type 1 or Type 2 respiratory failure and what can we assume based on the levels of PaO2 and PaCO2 compared to normal?
Type 1: cannot bring air across respiratory membrane
low O2
normal CO2
Drooping eyelids can be associated with a lesion in which cranial nerve? Bonus 50 pts if you can provide the name of the CN
CN III - oculomotor nerve
Origin: Inferior angle and lateral border of scapula
Insertion: medial lip of bicepital groove
What is this muscle?
Teres major
If someone had pulmonary acidosis, what changes can you expect to see in their PaO2, PaCO2 and Bicarbonate levels compared to normal
PaCO2 - increase
Blood pH- decrease
Patients with ___ lung disease have decreased FEV1/FVC ratio, and can be as low as 20-30%. Whereas patients with ____ lung diseases have a near-normal FEV1/FVC ratio.
Recall, FEV1/FVC is the percentage of the vital capacity which is expired in the first second of maximal expiration
obstructive
restrictive
Ascending tracts carry sensory signals via 3 neurons. Describe where each neuron starts and stops in the Lateral Spinothalamic Tract
1st order: peripheral nerve from sensory receptor to spinal cord level via dorsal horn
2nd order: crosses spinal cord level and travels through the medulla to the thalamus
3rd order: thalamus to the primary sensory cortex