Medical History
Name of the discoverer of penicillin?
Alexander Fleming
In heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), what is the primary pathophysiological mechanism that causes the clinical symptoms?
impaired ventricular relaxation and increased left ventricular filling pressure?
Either of these scores are used to predict mortality in hospitalized patients with pneumonia.
CURB 65 or PSI
In patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease, this medication class reduces progression to end-stage kidney disease independent of glycemic control.
SGL2i
In acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which type of ventilation strategy has been shown to improve patient outcomes and prevent ventilator-induced lung injury?
Low Tidal Volume
Streptomycin was first isolated and developed at this institution in 1943. In 1952 it earned one of the microbiologist and chemists, Dr Waksman, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Rutgers
In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which type of immune cells predominately infiltrate the lungs and contribute to airway inflammation?
Neutrophils
When a hospitalized patient experiences a decline in status, prompting an upgrade to the MICU, which rapid assessment tool is most commonly used to predict mortality risk in the ICU?
APACHE
This is the preferred initial diagnostic test for suspected primary aldosteronism in patients with resistant hypertension.
Plasma to Aldosterone Ratio
What is the primary purpose of a Swan-Ganz catheter in the critical care settings?
Pulmonary artery pressures
Cardiac output
The discovery of this anesthetic drug in the mid-19th century revolutionized surgery and significantly reduced patient mortality.
Ether
In CF there is a mutation in the CFTR gene, causing defective transport in epithelial cells. What is the primary electrolyte imbalance seen in sweat?
Hypercholeremia
Persistent hyponatremia despite isotonic fluids, urine osmolality is high and urine sodium is elevated—this diagnosis should be suspected.
SIADH
This long term side effect limits long-term proton pump inhibitor use and should prompt periodic reassessment of therapy.
In distributive shock, this echocardiographic finding is commonly seen despite hypotension.
Hyperdynamic LV
This physician introduced antiseptic techniques in surgery in the 1860s, dramatically reducing the risk of postoperative infections.
Joseph Lister
In chronic kidney disease, reduced clearance of this hormone contributes directly to secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Phosphate
A patient admitted for pneumonia develops rising creatinine after initiation of vancomycin and piperacillin–tazobactam; this phenomenon has been associated with this renal injury pattern.
AIN
Synergistic nephrotoxicity
Lab finding most strongly predicts progression from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to multiple myeloma.
Abnormal free light chain ratio
In mechanically ventilated patients with ARDS, this plateau pressure threshold is associated with reduced ventilator-induced lung injury.
<30cm h2o
This German physician is known for his discovery of the tuberculosis bacillus in 1882, which led to a major advancement in the understanding of infectious diseases.
Robert Koch
Cancer cachexia is linked to which two inflammatory cytokines?
TNFa
IL6
Discharge planning failure is a leading cause of 30-day hospital readmissions.
MED RECS!
In asymptomatic patients with persistent microscopic hematuria, this risk factor most strongly predicts underlying malignancy.
Smoking
In patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), this electrolyte abnormality must be closely monitored due to citrate anticoagulation.
Hypocalcemia