Name Earth's chemical layers in order from outside to inside.
Crust, mantle, outer core & inner core.
100
When was the Theory of Continental Drift thought of, and by whom?
1915 by Alfred Wegener.
100
Define seismic activity.
Results of plate tectonics bumping and grinding against each other.
100
Name 1 type of rock from each rock category.
Igneous: Obsidian, pumice or granite.
Sedimentary: Gypsum, sandstone, limestone or shale.
Metamorphic: Slate, gniess, or schist.
200
Define a 'nebulae' and a 'protostar'?
Nebulae: Birth place of stars
Protostar: A star potentially in the making
200
What do convection currents do?
Convection currents carry the heat from the hot inner mantle to the cooler outer mantle.
200
What theory was thought of in the 1960's and by whom?
Theory of Plate Tectonics and it was thought by Harry Hess.
200
What are the 2 different scales that measure earthquakes and volcanoes?
Magnitude and intensity.
200
What is a stage that all rocks go through?
Weathering and erosion
300
What is Einstein's theory of relativity?
E=MC2
300
Which layer contains solid iron and nickel?
The inner core.
300
Name all three boundary types.
Convergent, divergent, and transform-fault boundaries.
300
How are earthquakes caused?
They are caused when stress, building up within rocks of the earth's crust, is released in a sudden jolt.
300
What are are the 3 sediments from largest to smallest?
Sand, silt and clay.
400
Why did they name it the Big Bang Theory?
Becuase of a small piece of matter that exploded.
400
What is the asthenosphere?
It is the semi-liquid layer (part of mantle) where convection occurs the force theoretically causing plate movement.
400
Give the 4 points in Wegeners logic to his theory.
1. Jigsaw fit of Africa and South America
2. Same plant/animal fossils in both locations
3. Mountain ranges of similar age on both sides of Atlantic
4. 250 million years ago sheets of ice had existed in areas that are now warm
400
What is the explosiveness of a volcano depended on?
The explosiveness depends on the pressure built up, how easily the lava can flow and the amount of gas trapped in it.
400
How does a butterfly relate to metamorphic rocks?
It shows that the cycle of how the rock is 'born' is similar to how a caterpillar transforms into a butterfly.
500
What are 2 theories for planet formation?
1. When star forms, other particles cluster and form planets
2. Pieces seperate from sun and cool
500
What is the Earth's least dense layer?
The crust is least dense.
500
What is the source of heat for convection currents?
The source of heat is radio-active decay and energy from the hitting of earth by meteors.
500
What causes a tsunami?
It is caused by a sudden motion on the ocean floor.