Diseases
muscular dystrophy inheritance pattern
x-linked recessive
type of skeletal muscle that is fast, glycolytic
Type IIx
the 2 tests we need to know for ACL
anterior drawer, lachman
Name the 2 layers of the bilaminar disc
epiblast, hypoblast
Name one factor least likely to impact therapeutic responses to cholinergic and adrenergic drugs
Blood type, hair color, eye color
autoimmune with autoantibodies created against the ACh receptor
Delicate, small EYE muscles are first to be affected (diplopia/ptosis)
myasthenia gravis
Layer that surrounds the fascicles
Perimysium
Rheumatoid arthritis first line of treatment
DMARDs
Gastrulation is marked by the formation of the blank
Getting this injected can cause tremors from hypokalemia
What is epinephrine
treatment is Ponseti serial casting and most common cause of failure after initial correction is poor compliance with the Denis-Brown brace
club foot
this binds to sub-unit of troponin which induces a conformational change that reveals the binding site on actin for myosin
Name the disease: osteochondrosis of the proximal tibial apophysis at junction of patellar tendon and tibial tubercle. Patellar tendon does not grow at same rate as bone
Osgood-Schlatter
this is when the caudal half fuses with the cranial half to form a single vertebra
resegmentation
What symptoms does atropine help with
DUMBBELLS (muscarinic)
shawl sign, heliotrope rash, grotton's papules
dermatomyositis
if no BLANK is present (RIGOR), myosin can’t release from actin → stiffness
ATP
Explain the 5 types of salter harris fractures
Type 1: only growth plate (least severe, good prognosis), tall/obese teen boys
Type 2: metaphysis and growth plate (so above the growth plate too)
Type 3: Growth plate and epiphysis (so below the growth plate too)
Type 4: metaphysis, growth plate, and epiphysis
Type 5: crush injury to growth plate (most severe, side where it is will stop growing) associated with vascular injury, rare
list the 3 things the paraxial mesoderm (somites) gives rise to
dermatome (dermis over dorsal region of the trunk), myotome (all skeletal muscle), sclerotome (axial skeleton)
The indirect cholinolytic we need to know
Botox
Symptoms: dull pain, shooting, burning, numbness, rock in shoe feeling
3rd intermetatarsal space affected
Morton neuroma
elevated levels of this indicate muscle breakdown
creatine kinase
Explain the timed up and go test and optimal cutoff point
Timed up and go (TUG) test: patient walks to line 3 meters away from chair, turns around, then returns to seat → optimal cutoff point <12.6 seconds for >65
blank causes adjacent mesoderm to proliferate and results in outgrowth of the limb from the body wall
FGF8
Name the affinity for Epi/NE for each receptor
A1, A2, B2 is epinephrine
B1 is equal affinity
B3 is NE