Species differences
This is the main functional difference between the equine and small animal distal limbs
What is the replacement of muscles with tendons and ligaments?
This is the main bone of the thigh
What is the femur?
The primary action of this muscle is to flex the elbow
What is the biceps brachii?
The action of this palmar/plantar ligament in horses is to flex the digits
What is the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT)?
This picture is an example of this limb deformity
What is carpal valgus?
The clavicle is absent in this species
What are dogs?
These bones lie dorsally on the animal and articulate with the ribs
What are the thoracic vertebrae?
These muscles aid in the action of the primary mover
What are synergist muscles?
This ligament in the stifle of dogs is most at risk for damage when the stifle is extended
What is the cranial cruciate ligament?
The movement of an animal's limb can be divided into these two phases
What are swing and stance phases?
The acromion process is not present in these two species
What are horses and pigs?
These bones constitute the ankle bones
What are the tarsal bones?
This group of muscles is the antagonist for extension of the quadriceps
What are the hamstring muscles?
This ligament inserts on the tibial tuberosity from the patella
What is the patellar ligament?
This cue can indicate equine forelimb lameness
What is a head drop on when the good foot strikes the ground?
This difference can be seen when looking at the canine and feline humerus
Supracondylar foramen (feline) vs supratrochlear foramen (canine)
This bone marks the caudal end of the osseocartilaginous bone of the ventral midline
What is the xiphoid?
The functions of these three muscles are to adduct the hindlimb
What are the gracilis, the adductor, and the pectineus?
These two ligaments comprise the reciprocal apparatus
Superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) and peroneus tertius
Severing the common calcaneal tendon in a dog leads to this type of stance
What is a plantigrade stance?
This species/taxonomic group has a completely fused radius and ulna
Bovine
This bone sits on the medial aspect of the palmar surface of the equine cannon bone
What is the 2nd metacarpal bone?
The main protracting/advancing muscle of the forelimb
What is the omotransversarius muscle?
This ligament in dogs
What is the ligament
This is the hoofbeat sequence for a horse that is running