Pediatric Hip Disorders
This is the most common hip disorder in adolescents (ages 10–16) and is often characterized by obese males presenting with referred knee pain.
What is Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)?
In an elderly patient after a fall, the physical exam finding of a shortened and externally rotated leg is classic for this diagnosis.
What is a hip fracture (femoral neck or intertrochanteric)?
Accounting for 90% of hip dislocations, this injury classically presents with the leg shortened, adducted, and internally rotated.
What is a posterior hip dislocation?
This is the most common disease of the hip joint in adults, typically presenting with groin pain that is worse when walking uphill.
What is osteoarthritis of the hip?
This is the Gold Standard imaging for a hemodynamically stable patient with a suspected pelvic fracture.
What is a CT of the abdomen and pelvis with IV contrast?
This idiopathic avascular necrosis of the femoral head typically affects children between 4 and 10 years old and presents with an insidious, painless limp.
What is Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease (LCPD)?
This is the initial management for a patient who presents to the ER with an unstable pelvic ring fracture and suspected hemorrhagic shock.
What is apply a pelvic binder?
This syndrome involves compression of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, causing burning pain or numbness on the lateral thigh without any motor deficits.
What is Meralgia Paresthetica?
This condition presents with lateral hip pain and localized point tenderness over the greater trochanter.
What is Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome (GTPS)?
When assessing pelvic stability in trauma, students should avoid this maneuver to prevent worsening a hemorrhage.
What is vigorous downward pressure on the ASIS (Anterior Superior Iliac Spine)?
In SCFE, this classic physical exam finding occurs when the affected hip spontaneously moves into external rotation and abduction during passive flexion.
What is the Drehmann sign?
This is the definitive surgical treatment for most adult femoral shaft fractures.
What is an intramedullary (IM) nail?
This condition is caused by hypertonicity of a specific muscle, leading to sciatic nerve impingement and pain in the deep gluteal region radiating down the leg.
What is Piriformis Syndrome?
Because plain radiographs are often negative initially, this is the imaging modality of choice for early detection of a suspected femoral stress fracture.
What is MRI without contrast?
In the management of geriatric hip fractures, this preoperative intervention is recommended to improve pain control and reduce the risk of delirium
What is a peripheral nerve block?
This radiographic finding, described as a line drawn along the superior border of the femoral neck, fails to intersect the femoral head in a patient with SCFE.
What is Klein’s line?
PAs should watch for this life-threatening complication of long bone fractures, presenting with altered mental status, respiratory distress, and petechiae.
What is a fat embolism?
To minimize the risk of avascular necrosis (AVN), a traumatic hip dislocation must be reduced within this critical time window.
What is 6 hours?
This phenomenon is characterized by an audible popping sensation as tendons, such as the iliotibial band, move over bony prominences.
What is Snapping Hip (Coxa Saltans)?
This amount of blood can be lost into the thigh compartment in patients with a femoral shaft fracture and can lead to hemorrhagic shock.
What is greater than 1 to 2 L?
This is a classic radiographic finding in patients with late Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease on a frog-leg view lateral X-ray.
What is the crescent sign?
This injury, common in contact sports, is a contusion of the iliac crest resulting from direct blunt trauma.
What is a hip pointer?
In an anterior hip dislocation, the affected leg is classically held in this position.
What is shortened, abducted, and externally rotated?
This is an idiopathic inflammation of the pubic symphysis, often seen in athletes due to overuse of the hip adductors.
What is Osteitis Pubis?
In a trauma patient, the presence of blood at the urethral meatus or a high-riding prostate suggests a urethral injury, necessitating what test?
What is a retrograde urethrogram.