Basics of Bone Physiology and
The process of ossification that is responsible for longitudinal growth of long bones
What is Endochondral Ossification?
In addition to an AP view, this type of view is necessary to prove the shoulder is located (especially in posterior dislocations)
What is an Axillary or Velpeau view?
A process that involves loss of passive range of motion of the shoulder often occurring around age 50.
What is frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis)
Squeeze and external rotation test and exam indicators of this type of ankle injury
What is Syndesmosis injury?
A network of nerves formed by the ventral rami of C5, C6, C7, C8, T1
What is the Brachial Plexus?
The type of stability achieved with rigid fixation, Leads to primary (direct) bone healing, no callous formation, healing occurs via intramembranous ossification.
What is Absolute stability?
Often presents with joint line knee tenderness and mechanical symptoms of locking and catching
What is a meniscus tear?
What is neuropraxia?
The primary concern with injury to the zone 2 true Jones fracture of the 5th metatarsal bone.
What is the Musculocutaneous nerve?
The mechanism by with spiral fracture patterns occur.
What is Torsion
The primary function lost with a distal biceps tendon rupture.
What is supination? (power supination with elbow at 90 degrees flexion.
Dimpling, Thompson Squeeze test, and the Matles sign are findings in this injury.
What is achilles tendon rupture?
The nerve that exist through the space bound by the teres minor, teres major, long head of triceps, and lateral head of triceps.
What is the Axillary nerve?
The type of fixation preferred for a transverse mid -shaft femur fracture in an active individual
What is intra intramedullary nailing
This type of tendonitis is rarely an isolated finding except in overhead athletes.
What is long head of biceps tendonitis?
The reason why repair or reconstruction of nerves are time sensitive.
What is motor end plate degeneration?
injury that involves >2mm widening between the 1st and 2nd ray, >2mm joint subluxation of the 2nd TMT, Dorsal displacement of TMT joint.
What is a Lisfranc Injury?
The nerve that innervates the the lateral 1/2 of the brachialis muscle.
What is the Radial nerve?
The most important determining factor in patient outcomes following a open fracture.
What is time to intravenous antibiotics
MRI has notoriously low diagnostic accuracy for this time of rotator cuff tear
What are subscapularis tears.
EMG's should not be obtained sooner than 3-4 weeks from injury to allow this process to occur, or else false negative results may occur.
What is Wallerian Degeneration?
The most important lateral stabilizing structure, and most commonly injured, presents with tenderness over the anterior aspect of the distal fibula
What is the Anterior Talofibular Ligament (ATFL)?
An anomalous muscle on the medial side of the elbow that can cause ulnar nerve compression
What is the anconeus epitrochlearis?