Thinking and Decision Making
This model states that we have 2 systems for problem-solving and decision making
Dual Process Model
This memory model states that we store memory in multiple places in our minds
The MSM (Multi-Store Model)
The observer must be able to remember the behavior that they have observed to then reproduce that behavior immediately or after some time has passed.
The measured variable in research
The difficulty of processing information due to factors that are outside the task.
Extraneous Load
This system of thinking is fast, automatic, takes shortcuts, uses heuristics, etc
System 1 thinking
Patterns of behavior that are learned through our interaction with the environment. We have these for what to expect when one goes to the movies, what behavior is expected on a first date, etc.
Cognitive Scripts
The learner must focus on the model in order to learn a behavior. Can be influenced by certain factors, including the model’s attractiveness, authority, or level of entertainment
Attention
Sampling Method: Participants all have an equal chance of being selected. For example, pulling names from a hat
Random
the level of difficulty associated with a task.
Intrinsic Load
This system of thinking is slower and more rational; Requires concentration and effort
System 2 Thinking
A a system of organizing and perceiving new information; based on our past experiences
Schema
Learners must want to replicate the behavior that they have observed. They must understand the potential outcome if they repeat the behavior – was the model rewarded or punished for their behavior?
Motivation
Ethical Guideline: Participants should not exposed to physical or psychological harm greater than what they might encounter in everyday life.
(Protection from) Undue Harm
Mani et al found that sugar cane farmers were under higher cognitive load before or after the harvest?
Before
This bias is the tendency to rely too heavily on the first piece of info we see when making decisions
Anchoring Bias
We tend to notice and remember information that fits our schemas
Schema Congruent Info
The individual must have the physical and/or mental ability to replicate the behavior. What aspect of SLT is this?
Potential
According to the Multi-Store Model, how do we transfer information from STM to LTM?
Rehearsal
In Mani et al, which group was under higher cognitive load when they had to pay $1500 to fix their car?
Poor participants
the tendency to focus on and give greater credibility to information that fits with our existing beliefs.
Confirmation Bias
We may ignore or forget details that don't fit our schemas.
Schema Incongruent Info
This term means that we don't have to personally experience a reward or a punishment for a behavior; we can watch another person experience it and then learn through observation.
Vicarious Reinforcement
Removing a pleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior
Negative Punishment
Give an example of technology increasing cognitive load
Ex: Getting notifications on your phone all day