ECM, Collagen defects & Cell Interactions
This essential vitamin is a required cofactor for the hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues during collagen synthesis
Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)
This brain region is considered the "headquarters" of the Autonomic Nervous System, with the anterior portion controlling parasympathetic activity and the posterior portion controlling sympathetic activity
Hypothalamus
These are the largest family of cell-surface receptors and work with the help of a "molecular switch" protein that binds GDP or GTP
G-protein couple receptors (GPCRs)
This law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed or transported
First Law of Thermodynamics
This metric represents the ability of a test to correctly identify those with the disease (True Positive Rate)
Sensitivity
This precursor molecule is formed inside the cell after the cleavage of the signal peptide and the formation of the triple helix, but before it is secreted
Procollagen
This tapered, lower end of the spinal cord typically terminates at the L1-L2 vertebral level in an adult
Conus medullaris
Phospholipase C cleaves PIP2 to generate these two important second messengers:
DAILY DOUBLE!!!!
IP3 & DAG
This is the normal physiological range for arterial blood pH in a healthy human.
7.35 to 7.45
This bias occurs when participants change their behavior simply because they know they are being studied
The Hawthorne effect
These two specific types of post-translational modifications occur within the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) and are critical for the thermal stability of the triple helix
DAILY DOUBLE!!!!
Hydroxylation & Glycosylation
This specific G-protein coupled receptor is found on the sweat glands, representing a major exception where the sympathetic nervous system utilizes acetylcholine as its postganglionic neurotransmitter
Muscarinic (M3) receptor
This messenger is released from the endoplasmic reticulum in response to IP3 and is essential for muscle contraction
Calcium (Ca2+)
Severe vomiting can lead to this disturbance due to the loss of gastric hydrochloric acid
Metabolic Alkalosis
This bias creates an illusion of increased survival time because a disease was detected earlier by a screening test, even if the actual time of death remains unchanged
Lead-time bias
This specific form of Epidermolysis Bullosa is caused by a mutation in Type VII Collagen, which forms the anchoring fibrils
Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa
In the context of mushroom poisoning (Amanita muscaria), this specific prototype antagonist is administered to block the life-threatening overstimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system
Atropine
These two toxins occur when they attach ADP-ribose residue to G-alpha subunit of Gs and lock the stimulatory Gs into the active state:
DAILY DOUBLE!!!!
Cholera & E.coli Toxin
These two organs work together to regulate the bicarbonate buffer system by controlling CO2 and HCO3 levels respectively
DAILY DOUBLE!!!!
Lungs & Kidneys
In this trial type, each participant serves as their own control by receiving both the intervention and the placebo in a sequential order, separated by a "washout" period
Crossover trial
These specific calcium-dependent proteins are the primary adhesion molecules found in adherens junctions and desmosomes
Cadherins
While the ventral primary rami form the major plexuses (cervical, brachial, etc.), the dorsal primary rami are responsible for the motor innervation of this specific muscle group
Deep (Intrinsic) Muscles of the back
Steroid hormones produce their effects by changing this within the cell, which is why their response is typically slower than membrane receptors
Gene expression (or transcription)
Unlike Michaelis-Menten enzymes, these enzymes show a sigmoidal curve and are regulated by effectors binding to sites other than the active site
Allosteric enzymes
This study surveys a whole population, exposure & outcome are evaluated at the same time. Takes a "snapshot" of a population at a given time
Cross-sectional study (aka prevalence study)