meiosis
What is meiosis?
Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four haploid cells. It is essential for sexual reproduction.
What does DNA stand for?
DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
What is a mutation?
A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism's genome. Mutations can occur naturally during DNA replication or be induced by environmental factors.
What is a Punnett square?
A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the genetic outcomes of a cross or breeding experiment.
What is the basic unit of life?
The basic unit of life is the cell. All living organisms are made up of cells, which can be classified as prokaryotic (without a nucleus) or eukaryotic (with a nucleus).
How many stages are there in meiosis?
Meiosis consists of two main stages: Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Each stage is further divided into prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
What is the basic structure of DNA?
DNA is a double helix composed of two strands twisted around each other, with each strand made up of nucleotides.
What are the types of mutations?
Mutations can be categorized into several types, including point mutations.
How is a Punnett square set up?
A Punnett square is set up by placing the alleles of one parent across the top and the alleles of the other parent down the side.
What is the chemical formula for water?
The chemical formula for water is H₂O, meaning each molecule of water is composed of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom.
What is the purpose of meiosis?
The primary purpose of meiosis is to produce gametes (sperm and eggs) with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell, ensuring genetic diversity.
What are the components of a nucleotide?
Each nucleotide consists of three parts: a phosphate group, a sugar molecule (deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base.
What causes mutations?
Mutations can be caused by various factors, including errors during DNA replication, exposure to radiation
What do the letters inside a Punnett square represent?
The letters inside a Punnett square represent alleles, which are different versions of a gene.
What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen. It primarily takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells.
What is crossing over, and when does it occur?
Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes. It occurs during prophase I of meiosis.
What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?
The four nitrogenous bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).
How do mutations affect an organism?
Mutations can have a range of effects on an organism. Some mutations are harmless or silent, having no noticeable effect
What is the purpose of using a Punnett square?
The purpose of using a Punnett square is to predict the probability of an offspring inheriting particular traits
What are Newton's Three Laws of Motion?
First Law (Inertia): An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force.
What is the difference between meiosis I and meiosis II?
Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes, resulting in two haploid cells. Meiosis II separates sister chromatids, resulting in four haploid cells.
How do the nitrogenous bases pair up in DNA?
Adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G).
What is the role of mutations in evolution?
Mutations are a key driver of genetic diversity and evolution. They introduce new genetic variations that can be acted upon by natural selection.
Can Punnett squares be used for multiple traits?
Yes, Punnett squares can be used for multiple traits in a process called a dihybrid cross
What is the periodic table?
The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of chemical elements organized by their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. Elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number.