Affective & Conceptual Dimensions of MCT
The three types of resistance experienced during multicultural training
What are... cognitive resistance (denial), emotional resistance (anxiety, fear, defensiveness, anger, guilt, regret, and remorse), and behavioral resistance?
This fifth force or wave includes social and political action that seeks to ensure that all clients have equal access to the resources, employment, services, and opportunities they require to meet their basic human needs and to develop fully
What is... social justice counseling?
Schofield (1964, as cited in Sue et al., 2022) noted that counselors seem to prefer clients who exhibit these characteristics of the YAVIS syndrome
What are... young, attractive, verbal, intelligent, and successful?
This model delineates a five-stage process in which Black folks in the U.S. move from a White frame of reference to a positive Black frame of reference
What is... the Cross model of psychological nigrescence (Cross, 1971, 1991, 1995, as cited in Sue et al., 2022)?
If counselors quickly identify our client as "defensive" or "overreactive," these characterizations will reduce our attempt to gather additional or contradictory information
What are... judgmental heuristics?
The tripartite framework for understanding the multiple dimensions of identity
What is... we are, in some respects, like all other people (universal level), like some other people (group level), and like no other person (individual level)?
European colonizers fleeing religious persecution and engaging in the forced religious conversion of the indigenous/native peoples of this land is a historical manifestation of this concept
What is... ethnocentric monoculturalism?
These elements comprise nonverbal communication
What are... proxemics, kinesics, paralanguage, and high/low-context communication?
In Sue and Sue's (1990, 1999, as cited in Sue et al., 2022) Racial/Cultural Identity Development (R/CID) model, a conflict between self-depreciating and group-appreciating (attitudes and beliefs toward the self) indicates one is presently in this status
What is... Status 2 - dissonance?
With notable exceptions such as this, many clinical assessments and interviews do not explore client concerns through a contextual viewpoint
What is... the Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI; Lewis-Fernández et al., 2016, as cited in Sue et al., 2022)?
According to MSJCC (Ratts et al., 2015), the four components of multicultural and social justice competency
What are... awareness of attitudes and beliefs, knowledge, skills, and action?
Regardless of the theoretical orientation, a counselor's effectiveness depends on client perceptions of these three characteristics
What are... expertness, trustworthiness, and attractiveness?
Decisions based on EBP include these three pillars
What are... treatment variables (best available research), counselor variables (clinical expertise), and client variables (client characteristics, culture, and preferences)?
The key difference between being a nonracist counselor and being an antiracist counselor
What is... a nonracist counselor engages in individual changes whereas an antiracist counselor engages in systemic changes?
During this principle of collaborative conceptualization, the counselor can tentatively address possibilities concerning the etiology of the problem as well as factors contributing to the persistence of the problem
What is... jointly formulate a hypothesis regarding the cause of the problem?
This concept reflects the culturally universal perspective in counseling
What is... etic orientation?
These are the three types of "brief and commonplace daily verbal or behavioral indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative slights that potentially have a harmful or unpleasant psychological impact on the target person or group"
What are... microassaults, microinsults, and microinvalidations?
If counselors are culturally unaware and engage primarily through an etic orientation they may often be culturally insensitive and inclined to see differences as deviance, which may lead to this concept
What is... overpathologizing?
The Helms White Racial Identity Development Model (Helms, 1984, 1990, 1994, 1995, as cited in Sue et al., 2022) requires movement through these two phases
What is... abandonment of racism and defining a nonracist White identity (Helms, 2015, as cited in Sue et al., 2022)?
This can be reduced by performing a thorough assessment that includes consideration of sociocultural and environmental factors and testing hypotheses regarding extrapsychic as well as intrapsychic influences
What is... attribution error?
This concept is an orientation or disposition necessary to engage in self-reflection and to learn from clients and marginalized communities; a "way of being" rather than a "way of doing"
What is... cultural humility?
For clients with this worldview or orientation to life, White counselors might be perceived as more competent and preferred than are counselors of the client's own racial/ethnic identity
What is... external locus of control (EC)-internal locus of responsibility (IR) (EC-IR)?
Mutual agreement on appropriate goals, with an emphasis on changes valued by the client, is one of three of the elements that comprise this concept
What is... the therapeutic alliance?
In this third stage, the person withdraws from the dominant culture and becomes steeped in Black culture. Black pride begins to develop, but internalization of positive attitudes toward one's own Blackness is minimal. In the latter half of this third stage, feelings of guilt and anger begin to dissipate with an increasing sense of pride
What is... immersion-emersion stage of the Cross model of psychological nigrescence (Cross, 1971, 1991, 1995, as cited in Sue et al., 2022)?
"How has this condition affected your life?" in diversity-focused assessment is a question that helps to assess these necessary criteria to diagnose a mental disorder
What is... clinically significant distress (e.g., symptomatic feelings and behaviors) or impairment in functioning (e.g., relational, occupational, social, educational)?