Culture
The inclination and/or predisposition either for something or against something is called....?
Bias
Bias can impact the therapeutic relationship through unexamined attitudes.
Define cultural humility
Cultural humility: one remains open to the client’s experience and adopts a receptive stance that allow for positive and responsive emotional engagement.
What is marginalization?
The process in which individuals or
entire cultural groups are systematically blocked from or denied full access to various rights, opportunities, and resources that are normally available to members of the dominant cultural group.
What is cultural symbolism?
Shared meanings that a group of people attach to images, colors, objects, gestures, materials, or artistic forms within a particular cultural context.
It is the understanding that symbols are not universal! Meaning is shaped by history, belief systems, geography, religion, social values, and collective experience.
Art materials, symbols, and imagery carry different meanings across cultures.
What is a fundamental barrier to growth and learning for therapists?
Not allowing others to see who they really are.
What does "a way of seeing" mean?
a "lens" of awareness and appreciation of the values, norms, and beliefs of another group that are not one's own.
Cultural humility involves two components.
1. interpersonal components - striving to understand the cultural backgrounds and identities of others through curiosity and non-judgemental stance.
Name and define the other component.
Intrapersonal component:
Openess and willingness to reflect on oneself as cultural being.
Who coined the term intersectionality & what is it?
Kimberlé Crenshaw coined the term "intersectionality" in 1989.
"Intersectionality is a paradigm that addresses the multiple dimensions of identity and social systems as they intersect with one another and relate to inequality, such as racism, genderism, heterosexism, ageism, and classism, among other variables” (APA, 2020, p. 148).
A way of doing:
What should an art therapist take into consideration when designing and offering art therapy interventions?
- art traditions
- preferences for art materials
- beliefs and practice related to the creation of imagery
Therapists must possess develop this ability "to reflect on what is happening in the moment". Name this type of cognition.
Metaprocessing
The awareness of one's own cognitive processes
e.g. monitoring personal thoughts in therapy and/or monitoring thoughts on the impact of self in relation to others.
What does one need to be able to do to in order to demonstrate cultural comfort?
Self regulate when exploring cultural opportunities with clients
and/or increase one's capacity in sitting with uncomfortable conversations
What is helpful about cultural discomfort?
Cultural discomfort provides vital feedback to therapists about areas they need to further explore and/or develop.
Discomfort may also shed light on dynamics between the therapist and client (counter transference/ transference)
Name 8 different dimensions of culture
Nationality
Race
Ethnicity
Education
Ability
Age
Religion
Socioeconomic Class
Gender
Sexuality
Body size
Marital status
Military Experience
Job classification
Parental status
Geographical location
Languages
Thinking styles (neurodiversity)
Etc
Inviting a client to explore the meaning of imagery in their artwork, rather than interpreting it through a Western psychological framework, demonstrates what applied competency?
culturally humble clinical practice
or culturally responsive skill
What can shift across time, context and life transitions?
Self-definition: an individuals description of their own identity and identification of one or more cultural groups/communities.
It includes;
self view, self-concept, and beliefs about the self.
What are the 3 key components of a culturally competent therapist?
Self awareness
Knowledge of culturally diverse groups
Specific clinical skills
What does a successful therapeutic relationship rest upon?
The recognition of the self in the other.
When therapists are safe, emotionally engaged, other-oriented, and responsive to cultural identities, clients are more likely to view them as culturally humble. This improves the working alliance.
Shift from authority to openness. Power-with.
What are cultural opportunities and when are they present?
Moments in therapy when culture presents itself for consideration and exploration.
Cultural opportunities are always present - multiple views and voices exist, cultural differences are real and influence human interaction. Must be fully appreciated and accounted for to understand human behavior.
Name three cross-cultural variations of art (the purpose of making art).
Ritual practices
Story telling
Identity & belonging
Harmony & community connection
Healing practices
Spiritual
What is helpful about self-empathy/compassion?
Self-empathy is an attitude of suspended judgment and openness toward oneself.
Art therapists cannot avoid looking at issues or problems which appear in the artwork or relationship. Empathy and compassion for your own limitations will aid your ability to learn, receive feedback, and practice cultural humility.
Define ethnocentrism & ethnorelativism.
Ethnocentrism:
One’s own culture is central to reality.
Assessing, interpreting and judging culturally diverse behavior in relation to one's own cultural standards.
Ethnorelativism:
Behaviors are neither good nor bad, only different.
Culture is understood as relational and contextual.
What is cultural blindness and how could this impact therapy?
Cultural blindness believes that traditional treatment approaches are universally applicable.
Some approaches may not be culturally suitable and therefore have the potential to cause harm.
Doby-Copeland's model of Intercultural Sensitivity contains 6 stages. The final stage - integration - means what?
Identity is fluid, complex, and integrated into one's sense of self.
What does recognizing the cultural meaning of art materials and context entail?
In some cultures, art materials like clay, fabric, or natural pigments hold ancestral or spiritual significance, meaning that the choice of material and setting created can be as meaningful as the artwork itself.
Strengths, values, and practices which enhance coping and adaptive reactions to societal issues and maintain cultural identities and pride, are defined as what?
Cultural resilience