Sports and moods
According to Barbry et al. (2021), belonging to what type of organization is linked to higher positive affect in adolescents?
A. A gaming club
B. A sports club
C. A music band
D. A study group
What is B. A sports Club
Which country’s elite sport system was the focus of this research?
A) United States
B) Australia
C) France
D) Canada
What is C) France
What was the main purpose of the study by Sariati et al. (2021)?
A. To test diet effects on soccer performance
B. To examine the link between mental imagery and change of direction speed
C. To evaluate injury prevention methods
D. To compare playing positions in soccer
What is B. To examine the link between mental imagery and change of direction speed
Which sport became a mass spectacle and media sensation in France?
A. Swimming
B. Cycling
C. Tennis
D. Rowing
What is B. Cycling
“Outcome uncertainty is most associated with this academic field.”
A. Sports economics
B. Marine biology
C. Criminal justice
D. Linguistics
What is A. Sports economics
Which two sports were most strongly associated with higher positive affect among French adolescents?
A. Basketball and dance
B. Boxing and horseback riding
C. Athletics (track & field) and soccer (football)
D. Badminton and gymnastics
What is C. Athletics (track & field) and soccer (football)
What theoretical model guided the study’s analysis?
A) Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
B) Social Learning Theory
C) Socio-Ecological Model (SEM)
D) Health Belief Model
What is C.) Socio-Ecological Model (SEM)
How many young elite male soccer players participated in the study?
A. 20
B. 30
C. 40
D. 60
What is C) 40
Which social class first adopted organized sports in France?
A. Working class
B. Peasants
C. Upper classes
D. Immigrants
What is C.) Upper classes
“The authors analyze two specific supporter groups from Olympique de Marseille. One of them is called the “CU,” which stands for:”
A. Commando United
B. Commando Ultras
C. Central Ultras
D. Club Ultra
What is B. Commando Ultras
Adolescents who did not belong to a sports club tended to show higher levels of what type of affect?
A. Positive affect
B. Negative affect
C. Neutral affect
D. Cognitive affect
What is B. Negative affect
What main issue does the article address regarding elite athletes?
A) They often lack motivation to train
B) Their lifestyles can be unhealthy despite high performance
C) They are overpaid compared to other professions
D) They do not need recovery time
What is B.) Their lifestyles can be unhealthy despite high performance
How were participants grouped in the study?
A. By their soccer position
B. By years of experience
C. By maturity level (pre- and post-peak height velocity)
D. By team color
What is C. By maturity level (pre- and post-peak height velocity)
By controlling sport organizations, governments gained what?
A. Cheaper food prices
B. Weather prediction capabilities
C. Cultural influence and social control
D. Easier tax collection
What is C. Cultural influence adn social control
“This hypothesis claims fans enjoy sports more when results are unpredictable.”
A. The Scarcity Principle
B. The Uncertainty of Outcome Hypothesis
C. The Dominance Theory
D. The Economic Demand Rule
What is B. The Uncertainity of Outcome Hypothesis
True or False: The study proved that playing soccer causes better mood in teenagers.
A. True
B. False
What is B. False
Who participated in this study?
A) Only elite athletes
B) Athletes, coaches, and sport managers
C) Sport psychologists and nutritionists
D) Fans and spectators
What is B.) Athletes, coaches, and sport managers
Which tool did the researchers use to measure mental imagery ability?
A. Sport Imagery Questionnaire (SIQ)
B. Movement Imagery Questionnaire (MIQ-3)
C. Soccer Visualization Scale (SVS)
D. Athlete Imagery Index (AII)
What is B) MIQ-3
Traditional rural contests like wrestling and throwing games are examples of what?
A. Modern Olympic sports
B. Imported English sports
C. Regional folk sports
D. Military competitions
What is C. Regional folk sports
“The study suggests that fans value not just uncertainty but also this identity-based factor.”
A. Food prices
B. Fan merchandise discounts
C. Team loyalty
D. Parking availability
What is C. Team loyalty
Why might outdoor, vigorous team sports like soccer lead to more positive affect than indoor sports like badminton or dance?
A. They involve more social interaction and physical intensity
B. They require less effort
C. They have shorter practice times
D. They are quieter environments
What is A. They involve more social interaction and physical intensity
According to the authors, what is the most important takeaway for improving athlete well-being?
A) Athletes must take sole responsibility for their health
B) Well-being is a shared responsibility across social levels
C) Performance always outweighs health
D) Coaches should avoid discussing health
What is B) well-being is shared responsibility across social levels
Which imagery type was the strongest predictor of performance with the ball?
A. Kinesthetic imagery
B. Internal visual imagery
C. External visual imagery
D. Spatial imagery
What is A) Kinesthetic imagery
Modern organized sport in France began in which century?
A. 15th
B. 17th
C. 19th
D. 21st
What is C. 19th
“The “South Winners” (SW) fan group in Marseille is characterized by which of the following identity orientations?”
A. Ethno-national exclusivism
B. Syncretistic, combining regional, multicultural, and club identity
C. Radical political ideology
D. Non-identification with any group
What is B.) Syncretistic, combining regional, multicultural, and club identity