Person ↔ Environment
This theory says too much stimulation leads to stress, while too little leads to boredom.
What is stimulation theory?
Family can be biological, legal, and/or socially constructed through commitment and care.
What is an inclusive definition of family?
Formed = created intentionally for a goal; natural = develop organically.
What is the difference between formed and natural groups?
Territorial (geographic) and Relational (shared identity/purpose).
What are the two main types of communities?
Unequal distribution of resources, opportunities, and power across groups.
What is social inequality?
This theory says behavior follows predictable "standing patterns" in specific settings.
What is behavior-settings theory?
Non-biological, non-legal relationships treated as family.
What is fictive kin?
This perspective reminds us that unconscious emotional processes can shape behavior in groups.
What is the psychodynamic perspective?
Networks, trust, and reciprocity that enable collective action.
What is social capital?
This perspective connects inequality to gendered power and patriarchy.
What is the feminist perspective?
This theory says that well-being improves when people feel control over their environment.
What is control theory?
In family systems perspective, rules about who participates and how.
What are boundaries?
This perspective says that some people dominate groups because social status traits (race, gender, age) influence expectations of competence.
What is the status characteristics perspective?
This type of social capital focuses on internal solidarity, while the other type focuses on outward connections across groups.
What is bonding and bridging?
This perspective says inequality results from class conflict and power imbalance.
What is the conflict perspective?
A feature that suggests or constrains possible actions (e.g., a bench invites sitting).
What is an affordance in environmental design?
The family’s perception of the stressor in the ABC-X model.
What is C?
This organizational perspective views orgs as open systems that adapt through feedback.
What is the systems perspective?
This perspective says that design and infrastructure determine access to resources, mobility, and safety (e.g., food deserts, zoning).
What is the spatial arrangements perspective?
This theory focuses on windows of political openness and responses to repression.
What is political opportunity theory?
This theory views environmental harm as a moral and justice issue, linking the oppression of people and nature and calling for sustainability and reciprocity.
What is ecocritical theory?
This perspective says someone might stay in an unsatisfying relationship because of past investments (time, shared home, finances) or limited alternatives, even if satisfaction is low.
What is the exchange / choice perspective?
This perspective on organizations emphasizes power, inequality, and resistance within organizational structures.
What is the critical perspective?
This perspective sees communities as open systems, constantly exchanges resources, information, and people with its environment—adapting through feedback loops and external pressures like policy or economy.
What is the systems perspective?
This theory says that shared meanings and narratives mobilize people around moral outrage and hope.
What is cultural framing theory?