patho/S&S/risk factors etc
Autoimmune disease, exacerbations and remissions, disease of CNS, brain, spinal cord, can include optic nerve
what is MS
caucasians of northern european ancestry
what ethnic group most affected by MS
one time neurological episode that lasts 24 hrs, caused by inflammation or demyelination, usually resolves itself.
what is clinically isolated syndrome (CIS)
CBC, BMP, WBC elevated, CRP and ESR may be elevated,
labs used to help diagnose MS
maintenance meds for MS,first line of defense meds- naturally occuring protein made up of same amino acids in body, Common SE are flu like symptoms, site rxn, depression, liver abnormalities (monitor ALT and AST)
what are interferon drugs
scarring and inflammation of myelin sheath, leads to scar tissue, plaques, and lesions in surrounding area
what is pathophysiology of MS
20-50 years
what is the age range to be diagnosed with MS
a sign or symptom that lasts a couple days, but pt. will return to baseline or near baseline functioning. Very little or no residual disability. 80 % of all cases, See more scarring in the BRAIN
what is Relapse remitting
use electrodes, record signals produced by nervous system, measures how quickly info travels down nerve pathways
what is evoked potential diagnostic test
Disease modifying drugs, chemically made- Fingolimod one of the very first MS drugs, SE of fingolimod headache, flu, diarrhea, elevated liver enzymes, bradycardia, all pts should have EKG prior to first dose, anyone with hx of MI, angina, stroke should not start this meds
what are non interferon drugs
vision loss if nerve fibers in eyes affected, incontinence and impaired bowel and bladder elimination if nerve fibers connected to bowel and bladder affected, muscle spasticity and decr. coordination if nerve fibers connected to muscles affected
what are S&S of MS
more likely to develop MS
Women, 2-3 times more common
Tail end of relapse remitting- a stage of MS which comes after relapsing remitting MS for many people. With this type of MS your disability gets steadily worse
what is secondary progressive MS
used to detect the presence of lesions in the CNS that may indicate demyelination and MS
what is an MRI
the only FDA approved med for MS, non interferon med- approved only for primary progressive form, all other meds are for relapsed remitting or secondary progressive. Given IV- SE site rxn, SOB, swelling of throat, itching, rash, flushing, tachycardia, coughing, wheeezing
what is Ocrelizumab
genetics, environment, triggers such as illness, extreme cold or heat, over exertion, pregnancy, emotional stress. viruses (epstein-barr)
what are risk factors for MS
a type of MS that involves a gradual onset from the beginning and has no attacks- pt. will get a sign or symptom and will not return to baseline functioning- 20% of cases- see more plaques on SPINAL CORD
what is primary progressive MS
looking for elevated protein and elevated WBC is what test?
What is a lumbar puncture (spinal tap)
hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, PUD, cushing syndrome, risk for infection, personality changes, and osteoporosis all result from what?
Fatigue (number 1), pain, diplopia, tinnitus, vertigo, dysphagia, numbness, tingling, muscle spasticity, ataxia (loss of coordination), swallowing problems, dyasthesia (MS hug), emotional changes, cognitive changes
what are clinical manifestations of MS
anti-spasmodics, anti-convulsants, stool softener, anti-cholinergics (helps with bladder dysfunction)
what are meds that are used to treat the S&S of MS