Gods, Religion, and the Landscape
This type of god takes a human form.
What is Anthropomorphic?
This type of carved relief was first established in the prehistoric period and became the preferred relief style for indoor use.
What is raised relief?
This term refers to a situation where two kings rule at the same time.
What is coregency?
This king is often said to have first unified the country; however, his well-developed iconography suggests it was likely unified before his rule.
Who is Narmer?
This king was the first Old Kingdom king to be at Saqqara.
Who is Djoser?
This half of Egypt had a marshier environment, leading to its association with the common marsh plant, the papyrus.
What is Lower Egypt?
These life-sized humanoid/anatomical sculptures have been found within the Old Kingdom non-royal tombs at Giza but continue to stump archaeologists as to their purpose.
What are reserve heads?
This name "enclosure" was used before the introduction of the cartouche.
What is a serkeh?
This mixed organic/bone and clay item, found en masse around the Early Dynastic Mastabas at Saqqara, may make reference to a shared practice between predynastic Egypt and Nubia, or a practice from the Ancient Near East.
What is bulcrania/bull crania?
Tomb allotment in the Old Kingdom cemeteries of Giza, Saqqara, Abusir, and Dashur was primarily based on what?
What is permission/a boon from the king?
These two gods are embodied by the king on earth and the dead king, respectively.
These individuals are identified by their red skin, kilts, and often passive representations.
Male Tomb Owners.
Burials of this type occur in royal tombs from the Early Dynastic Period through the Old Kingdom, although the practice was co-opted by elites at Saqqara and Giza who were also equipped with this item.
What are boat burials?
This evidence, pulled from the royal tombs of Umm el-Qaab, is often cited as the precursor to the mastaba.
What is the mound superstructure?
This royal statue form was popular throughout the Old Kingdom, but first took a monumental form approximately halfway through the 4th Dynasty.
What is the Sphinx.
This part of the spirit or soul is the "affective" spirit/ghost that can impact human activity.
What is the akh?
Although originally classified as "daily life scenes," this stereotypical Old Kingdom motif likely makes reference to the fertility of both the land and the tomb owner.
What is fishing and fowling?
The organized practice of provisioning the deceased king with goods and offerings within the temple or offering space attached to their pyramid/tomb.
What is a mortuary cult?
This culture was concurrent with the Nagada II and III cultures, but showed less hierarchy in cemetery spaces, and buried humans the same as deceased goats and dogs.
What is the Buto-Maadi Culture?
This class of items increases in the tombs of the First Intermediate Period, allowing for the secure [although relative] dating of these burials.
What are "non-functional" items?
The Egyptian State was separated into approximately 42 of these subdivisions.
What is a nome?
What roles [2] does art play in early Egyptian culture?
What are political and religious?
This royal event takes place every 30 years, was fundamental to the renewal of the king, and is represented in the subterranean panels of the Step Pyramid of Djoser.
What is the Hebsed Ritual?
This site was the Early Dynastic Capital of Egypt. For 500 points, name both the capital and the associated burial site. The other team can steal, but only half points will be awarded if only half of the answer is correct.
Where is Memphis and Saqqara?
These three locations within the superstructure of the tomb were spaces where offerings could be made to/received by the dead. You must provide three answers to receive points.
What are stelae, serdabs, and false doors?
These two concepts represent the way the universe came into existence and the way the universe works. Please provide the term and definition of each for points.
What is
Cosmology - how the universe works
Cosmogony - how the universe came into existence
This Egyptologist, often considered the "father of Egyptology," invented the practice of seriation.
These two kings were the first two to have serekhs that included the god Seth. You must include both names to recieve points.
Who are Peribsen and Khasakhemwy.
This major Predynastic town is the location of an early temple to a falcon-headed god/Horus.
Where is Hierakonpolis? [Nekhen if you're feeling fancy]
This is the location of a series of rock-cut elite tombs that appear to follow their own artistic decorum instead of the state-approved artistic style.
Where is Qubbet el-Hawa
Name three activities that the priests of the gods had to do daily to care for the statue of the god.
What is
Wash/Purify them
Feed them
Clothe them
Provide 2 examples of Absolute Dating methodologies in archaeology. You must provide 2 to receive points.
What are (for example) Carbon 14/Radiocarbon Dating, Dendrochronology, thermoluminescence
Provide three examples for the increasing importance of the god Re in the Old Kingdom.
What is - Re' names, The building of Solar Temples, The shape of Pyramids
The Early Dynastic royal tombs at Umm el-Qa'ab were made up of two major components - what are they, and where were they located? You must provide all the information to receive points.
What are the tombs in the low desert/near the wadi and the funerary enclosures near the valley?
It appears that the "democratization of the afterlife" may have had its roots in the mid to late Old Kingdom. Provide two examples of evidence that speak to this change.
What are the creation of elite "temple" tombs and the increasing reliance on the Osirian cult?
These eight gods make up the Ogdoad [eight primordial deities associated with non-existence]; you must name all 8 to get points.
Who are:
Nun - Naunet
Heh - Hauhet
Kek - Kauket
Amun - Amaunet
Provide the eight rules of decorum for art that we discussed in class. You get 100 points for each you can name - the other team can steal the remaining points.
What are:
•“Direction” of Main Figure and Glyphs
•Size/Hierarchical Proportion
•Horizontal and Vertical Hierarchy
•Seated
•Passivity
•Pose
•Clothing (vs. nudity)
•Iconographic Markers (Scepters)
Tomb Uj was found to contain ivory tags marked with the earliest proto-writing in Egypt. What information did these tags include and why was it important? You must answer both parts of the question to receive points.
What is -
locational information of offerings AND suggests bureaucratic control/trade
The period between the Badarian and Nagada III cultures/periods saw a massive increase in funerary hierarchy. Provide three examples of evidence speaking to this hierarchical change. You must provide 3 to recieve full points.
What are [for example] increased size of tombs, increased number of items, separation in the landscape, increase in imported/high-quality items, etc.
Provide the six components of a traditional 4th Dynasty Pyramid Complex.
What are:
Pyramid
Valley Temple
Mortuary Temple
Causeway
Cult Pyramid
Enclosure Wall