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Early Jazz and Musical Elements
Swing
More Swing
Bebop
Post-Bebop
100

This instrument provides the musical foundation with a basic rhythmic pulse and harmonic support.

What is the bass?
100
He was a trumpeter and singer during the Swing Era. He also introduced scat singing as a jazz vocal style.
Who is Louis Armstrong?
100

This period marked the early years of the Swing Era.

What is the Great Depression?

100

This trumpeter was also a teacher of music theory.

Who is Dizzy Gillespie?
100

This style of jazz has a light, laid-back, reserved quality.

What is cool jazz?

200
This section of a jazz band provides the beat, bass notes, and harmony.
What is the rhythm section?
200

This swing bandleader attempted to "uplift" jazz by combining it with classical music at New York's Aeolian Hall. 

Who is Paul Whiteman? 

200
This Holiday song was a statement against the lynching of African-Americans in the southern United States.
What is "Strange Fruit"?
200
He was a virtuosic alto saxophonist known as "Bird."
Who is Charlie Parker?
200

This trumpeter is found at the forefront of several styles including cool jazz, hard bop, and fusion.

Who is Miles Davis?

300
A "chorus" of this form consists of three four-bar phrases.
What is twelve-bar blues?
300
This is the region south and west of the Mississippi River (including Missouri, Oklahoma, and Texas), an important location for jazz development.
What is the "Southwest"?
300

This Swing-era style of piano-playing featured a syncopated left hand and fast, complex melodies in the right.

What is stride piano?
300

By the 1960s, this instrument had replaced the trumpet as "the most vital instrument in jazz."

What is the [tenor] saxophone?

300
This is one of the best-selling jazz albums of all time, featuring a combo that did not see or learn the music until they entered the recording studio.
What is Kind of Blue?
400
This was the movement of large numbers of African-Americans from south to north beginning in the late 19th century.
What is the Great Migration?
400
This composer was Duke Ellington's collaborator. He wrote "Take the A Train."
Who is Billy Strayhorn?
400
This is a song that is a permanent part of jazz repertory; jazz musicians are expected to know it.
What is a "standard"?
400

Billie Holiday's most important musical partnership was with this saxophonist. 

Who is Lester Young? 

400

He was a baritone saxophonist and arranger who started a famous quartet in LA that did not consist of a piano. 

Who is Gerry Mulligan? 

500
This composer earned notoriety after his death when his piece "The Entertainer" was featured in the 1970 film The Sting.
Who is Scott Joplin?
500
The leaders of this cultural movement viewed jazz as coarse, commercial music.
What is the Harlem Renaissance?
500

Made popular in jazz by Ellington, this type of music describes specific places, people, or events.

What is programmatic music?
500

This was a New York location where bebop thrived.

What is Minton's Playhouse?
500
He was a saxophonist who was interested in experimental music and recorded the famous album A Love Supreme.
Who is John Coltrane?