Composers
Musical Style/Structure
Historical Context
Technological Innovations
Misc.
100
This composer led the protestant reformation and redirected worship of humans actions toward gods grace to primarily focus on biblical scripture. He encouraged musical worship with in church and used music as a tool to spread the ideals of the protestant faith through meaningful hymns. He composed "A Mighty Fortress Is Our God".
Who is Martin Lurther?
100
This musical term, gaining popularity during the Renaissance, refers to a phrase ascending or descending in semitones.
What is chromaticism?
100
In the first millennium, this institution played the most dominant role in shaping musical practices across Europe.
What is The Christian Church?
100
This 15th-century invention by Johannes Gutenberg revolutionized the way music and texts were shared, allowing composers to distribute their works more widely across Europe.
What is the printing press?
100
Dr. Hill is open to many variations of music but hates lecturing on/listening to this compositional form.
What is opera?
200
He was the pioneer of opera. He used dissonance and text expression in “Cruda Amarilli” to convey strong emotions of unrequited love. His earlier operas like L'Orfeo were performed for nobles and socials elites and later in his life, his operas were preformed for the general public
Who is Claudio Monteverdi?
200
Often seen in Middle Age compositions and challenged by transitionary composers like Dunstable, this musical term refers to musical intervals like the perfect fourth and fifth that create stability and peace.
What is consonance?
200
This social and cultural movement, beginning in the late 17th century, emphasized reason, clarity, and balance, and therefore influenced the music of the Classical era.
What is the Enlightenment?
200
This plucked-string instrument, ancestor of the guitar, became central to Renaissance solo repertoire.
What is the lute?
200
This Lutheran compositional style, originating from the Reformation, encourages congregational participation in singing.
What is a chorale?
300
This early Baroque composer used spatial (antiphonal) techniques to transform the sound and structure of sacred music by creating an immersive experience for the audience with three dimensional spectacles.
Who is Giovanni Gabrieli?
300
Seen mainly in operas, this term describes vocal delivery closer to speech than song that can be used to further plot.
What is a recitative?
300
This group of medieval poet-musicians helped spread secular song traditions in the courts of southern France.
What are Troubadours?
300
This Baroque keyboard instrument plucks strings rather than hammers them.
What is the harpsichord?
300
This medieval complex genre, originating from Notre Dame, layered Latin chant with newly composed upper voices and sometimes secular texts.
What is the motet?
400
Martin Luther referred to him as "The master of Notes". This composer utilized chromaticism to manifest a better emotional expression.
Who is Josquin Des Prez?
400
As Baroque keyboard compositions grew in popularity, this compositional form utilized the improvisatory spirit and was often technically impressive.
What is a toccata?
400
This architectural and intellectual movement in the 13th century supported the development of polyphonic music in cathedrals like Notre Dame?
What is Scholasticism?
400
In Baroque concertos, this string instrument was the most common choice for the soloist, showcasing its agility and expressive range.
What is the violin?
400
This composer pioneered early polyphonic music at Notre Dame by developing multi-voice organum, which Perotin expanding it into three to four part polyphony.
Who is Leonin?
500
He perfected the polyphonic style and made it more intelligible and captivating for church use. Creating clear text and smooth balanced vocal lines. This composers music was inspired by religious upheaval of the counter reformations. Which he created the "Pope Marcellus Mass"
Who is Giovanni Pierluigio da Palestrina?
500
Often associated with the tenor voice, this medieval compositional element refers to a borrowed chant (usually Gregorian) being used as the basis of a composition.
What is cantus firmus?
500
Growing middle-class audiences, expanding public concert life, and increased music publishing in 18th-century Europe helped standardize this instrumental genre, perfected by Haydn and Mozart
What is a symphony?
500
Before the development of the five-line staff we know today, this medieval notation system used neumes to indicate melodic contour rather than precise pitch.
What is Gregorian chant notation?
500
Dr. Hill was this character for Halloween this year.
Who is Steve from Minecraft?