ATP Production
ATP production WITHOUT oxygen is called
anaerobic
What are the three phases of twitch--in order
latent, contraction and relaxation
___ ___ occurs because of minute contractions in muscles that serve to maintain the overall health of muscles and to make them ready to receive stimuli.
Muscle tone
____ ____ fibers contract quickly and fatigue easily.
Fast-glycolytic
How long does a twitch contraction last?
0.1 seconds (1/10th of a second)
____ is the process in which glucose is split to form ATP and a 3-carbon molecule
glycolysis
_____, resulting in a long, sustained contraction without evidence of relaxation, is the normal manner of contraction.
Tetanus
___ develops in muscles once they receive a stimulus--if this can overcome the load on a muscle, contraction occurs.
Tension
____ ____ fibers contract slowly and are better for endurance.
Slow-oxidative
___ is the "stairstep" effect of contraction
Treppe
Glycolysis results in 2 ATP and 2 ______ molecules--with or without oxygen.
pyruvic acid
A graded contraction, in which each contraction is stronger than the previous one, is called
treppe
In ____ contractions, like wall-sits, tension in the muscle cannot overcome the load so the muscle does not shorten.
isometric
Fast-glycolytic or fast-twitch fibers are ___ in color.
white
Tetanus occurs because the muscle is repeatedly stimulated before it ____.
relaxes
In the absence of oxygen, pyruvic acids from glycolysis are converted to ____ ____.
lactic acid
The ____ ____ is the time it takes to reset the sarcolemma; during this time, no stimulation can take place.
refractory period
Doing sit-ups is ____ because the muscles in the abdomen shorten to allow you to sit up.
isotonic
Slow-oxidative (slow-twitch) fibers are red because they have a good blood supply even though they have less of the oxygen storage molecule,____ than fast-twitch fibers.
myoglobin
Why does treppe provide a biological rationale for warming up before a strenuous activity? 2 reasons...
it generates heat and it allows muscles to work at peak performance/strength
The conversion of creatine to ATP in muscle cells results from the transfer of a ____ from creatine to ADP.
phosphate (group)
Treppe contractions are stronger following each stimulation due to the continued presence of ____ in the sarcoplasm.
calcium
In isotonic contractions, _____ contractions occur when the muscle is shortening, while ____ contractions occur to lengthen the muscle in a controlled manner.
concentric; eccentric
Fast-twitch fibers generate ATP mostly through ____.
glycolysis
______ occurs when muscles cannot circulate enough oxygen for muscles to work; ____ is the physiological inability for muscles to contract--there is not enough ATP.
Oxygen debt; fatigue