General
It is the only Depoloarizing drug in clinical use today
What is Succinylcholine
There are three opioid receptors
What are mu, delta and kappa?
This drug is advantageous in neurological and ambulatory patients due to lack of side effects.
What is Codeine?
Three side effects of Succinylcholine
What is Malignant Hyperthermia
•Increase Intracranial, Intraocular and Intragastric Pressure
•Post-op muscle pain
-Bradycardia
-Hypotension
-Dysrythmia
This drug is given with Neostigmine to reduce its muscarinic effects
What is Atropine ?
Closely resemble Acetylcholine and readily binds to its receptors.
What are Depolarizing Drugs?
Its rapid action and short duration is ideal for intubation
What is Succinylcholine?
Its side effects include anxiety, unpleasant dreams and hallucinations
What is PANTAZOCINE?
Its elimination is via the Hoffman Degradation
What is Atracurium/Cisatracurium
Compete with acetylcholine and bind to Ach receptors but do not cause depolarization
What are Non-Depolarizing drugs ?
This non-depolarizing drug exhibits no effects on the Cardiovascular system
What is Vecuronium?
Two effects of Petidine
•Dry mouth
• Tachycardia
• Blurred vision
•Stops post operative shivering ( 20-25 mg IV)
•Often used in labour – it does not cause a delay in labour like morphine but readily crosses the placenta
In comparison to morphine it produces less
•Miosis
•Biliary tract spasm or constipation
It is used to reverse the action of Non-depolarizing Drugs
What is Neostigmine /Anticholinesterase?
If prolonged, depolarizing agents may result in this type of block
What is Phase II block?
Two contraindications of Morphine
•Neurological patients - morphine may cause CO2 retention which will lead to increase cerebral blood flow and increased ICP
•Hepatic disease
•Renal disease
•Pregnancy
•Morphine hypersensitivity
•Respiratory problems due to bronchospasm – especially in asthma and chronic obstructive airway diseases
A non-depolarizing drug. Its metabolite laudanosine may induce seizures.
What is Atracurium?
Mimics the action of endogenous polypeptides derived from prohormones (which include beta endorphins, dynorphins and encephalin)
What are Opioids?
A strong opioid agonist. Its action is mainly at mu receptors and to a lesser extent kappa receptors.
What is Morphine ?
Its major indication is to treat the respiratory depression induced by opioids
What is Nalaxone?
An atypical Opiod. Its side effects on the GI system include constipation, nausea, vomiting
What is Tramadol ?