Movement
To move away from the midline of the body.
Abduction
A muscle that bears the primary responsibility for causing a certain movement (prime mover)
Agonist
A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy in the form of ATP from carbohydrates (sugars). This process requires energy from cellular respiration (e.g., jogging, repetitions with breaks in between, and less-intensity exercises).
Aerobic Respiration
Attachment of muscle that remains relatively fixed during muscle contraction.
Origin
A dense line in muscle tissue that marks the boundary of a sarcomere, the basic unit of muscle contraction.
Z-Line
To move towards the midline of the body.
Adduction
Muscles that act against an agonist or prime mover
Antagonist
Occurs without oxygen and releases less energy in the form of ATP, but more is done more quickly. (ex. Sprinting or any high-intensity exercise).
Anaerobic Respiration
Muscles cooperate with another muscle or muscle group to produce a desired movement.
Synergist
A bundle of nerve or muscle fibers bound together by connective tissue (a discrete bundle of cells).
Fascicle
Flexing your foot/ankle upwards and downwards is an example of ________.
Dorsiflexion
movement that increases the angle of a joint (e.g. straightening a flexed knee)
Extension
This covers the whole muscle.
Epimysium
Produce thin contractile filaments within muscle cells
Myosin
This disease is still being researched for a cause. Its symptoms include consistent, widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and mood swings.
Fibromyalgia
Circular movement of a body part.
Circumduction
Muscles act to immobilize a joint or a bone (e.g., core muscles help reduce the motion of the spine).
Fixator
This covers individual muscle fibers.
Endomysium
Produce dense contractile filaments within muscle cells.
Actin
This disease is genetically inherited. Symptoms include general muscle weakness, decreased muscle tone/size, limited movement, and potentially breathing difficulties.
Muscular Dystrophy
To move inward (example: moving your foot to point inwards).
Inversion
Bending: the movement that decreases the angle between bones (e.g., bending the knees or elbow).
Flexion
This covers a fascicle
Perimysium
Tiny protein fibers that give muscles their ability to contract (includes actin and myosin).
Myofilament
This disease is caused by increased activity and is common in athletes. It causes microtears in the connective tissues that attach muscle to the tibia. Symptoms include tenderness, soreness, pain, and lower leg swelling. Arch support and strength training can be preventable measures.
Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome