Muscle Basics
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth
What is the functional unit of a muscle fiber?
Sarcomere
What are the three muscle fiber types?
Type I, Type IIa, Type IIb
What molecule provides energy for muscle contraction?
ATP
Which fiber type would a marathon runner rely on most?
Type I
Which type of muscle is voluntary and attached to bones?
Skeletal
What are the two main filaments in a sarcomere?
Actin and Myosin
Which fiber type contracts the slowest but lasts the longest?
Type I (Slow-Twitch)
Which ion triggers muscle contraction?
Calcium (Ca²⁺)
Which fiber type would a powerlifter rely on most?
Type IIb
True or False: All muscles in the body are under conscious control.
False
Put these in order: myofibril, fascicle, muscle, fiber, sarcomere
Muscle → Fascicle → Fiber → Myofibril → Sarcomere
Which fiber type has the most power but fatigues quickly?
Type IIb (Fast-Twitch Glycolytic)
What theory explains how muscles contract?
Sliding Filament Theory
Which fiber type is common in soccer players who need endurance and speed?
Type IIa
What type of muscle tissue is only found in the heart?
Cardiac
What stores calcium in the muscle fiber?
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Which fiber type uses both aerobic and anaerobic energy systems?
Type IIa (Fast-Twitch Oxidative)
Which energy system do fast-twitch fibers primarily rely on?
Anaerobic (no oxygen)
True or False: Training can completely change one fiber type into another.
False
What is the main function of smooth muscle?
Moves substances through organs (like the stomach and intestines)
What structure carries the electrical impulse into the fiber?
T-Tubule (Transverse Tubule)
Which fiber type is red with lots of myoglobin?
Type I (Slow-Twitch)
Why do slow-twitch fibers have more mitochondria?
To produce ATP using oxygen for long-duration activity
How does understanding muscle fiber types help in kinesiology?
It helps design effective training and performance programs