Muscle Strucure
12. Which of the following marks the boundaries of a sarcomere?
A. I bands
B. H bands
C. Z discs
D. M lines
E. A bands
C. Z discs
27. The minimum stimulus needed to cause muscle contraction is called the __________.
A. threshold
B. latent period
C. twitch
D. motor unit
E. innervation
A. threshold
18. 80% of the lactic acid produced by skeletal muscle is converted to pyruvic acid by the __________.
A. kidneys
B. liver
C. muscle tissue
D. sarcoplasmic reticulum
E. neuromuscular junction
B. liver
1. The study of the muscular system is known as __________.
A. kinesiology
B. pathophysiology
C. myology
D. biology
E. neurology
C. myology
11. Which of the following muscles is the prime mover for inhalation?
A. Internal intercostals
B. External intercostals
C. Diaphragm
D. Stylohyoid
E. Hyoglossus
C. Diaphragm
13. Which of the following is predominately made up of myosin?
A. G actin
B. F actin
C. The thin filament
D. The thick filament
E. The elastic filament
D. The thick filament
20. Shortening a muscle while it maintains constant tension is called __________.
A. complete tetanus
B. incomplete tetanus
C. an isokinetic contraction
D. an isometric contraction
E. an isotonic contraction
E. an isotonic contraction
36. Aerobic respiration produces approximately _________ more ATPs per glucose molecule than glycolysis does.
A. 12
B. 24
C. 36
D. 48
E. 100
C. 36
4. Muscle fibers are arranged in bundles called ___________.
A. compartments
B. fascicles
C. retinacula
D. aponeuroses
E. groups
B. fascicles
23. Which of the following muscles is not externally visible on the trunk of the body?
A. Transverse abdominal
B. Latissimus dorsi
C. Trapezius
D. Pectoralis major
E. External abdominal oblique
A. Transverse abdominal
14. Which of the following contains overlapping thick and thin filaments?
A. A band
B. H band
C. I band
D. M line
E. Z discs
A. A band
28. If one nerve stimulus arrives at a muscle fiber so soon that the fiber has only partially relaxed from the previous twitch, the most likely result will be __________.
A. fatigue
B. spasm
C. incomplete tetanus
D. complete tetanus
E. flaccid paralysis
C. incomplete tetanus
37. Athletes who train at high altitudes increase their red blood cell count, which increases their oxygen supply during exercise. Increased oxygen supply results in __________.
A. increased glycolysis
B. increased use of myokinase
C. longer aerobic respiration
D. longer anaerobic fermentation
E. reduced ATP consumption
C. longer aerobic respiration
3. What term best describes the relationship between the pronator quadratus and supinator?
A. Fixators
B. Antagonists
C. Synergists
D. Prime movers
E. Depressors
B. Antagonists
25. In lifting a heavy weight from the floor, one should use the power of the __________ in order to avoid straining the lower back.
A. biceps brachii and brachialis
B. gastrocnemius and soleus
C. external and internal abdominal obliques
D. knee and hip extensors
E. trapezius and latissimus dorsi
D. knee and hip extensors
42. The protein that acts as a calcium receptor in skeletal muscle is __________.
A. F actin
B. tropomyosin
C. troponin
D. titin
E. dystrophin
C. troponin
19. During muscle contraction, a single myosin head consumes ATP at a rate of about __________ ATP per second.
A. 1
B. 3
C. 5
D. 7
E. 9
C. 5
53. Which of the following systems would provide energy for a racquetball player, while playing a point?
A. The respiratory system
B. The glycolysis system
C. The phosphagen system
D. The anaerobic system
E. The glycogen-lactic acid system
C. The phosphagen system
5. Which of the following describes muscular tissue emerging directly from bone rather than being separated from it by an obvious tendon?
A. Direct attachment
B. Indirect attachment
C. Inverted attachment
D. Insertion
E. Origin
A. Direct attachment
29. Which of the following correctly states the origin and insertion of the sternocleidomastoid?
A. Sternal manubrium and lateral one-third of clavicle; mastoid process and lateral half of superior nuchal line
B. Sternal manubrium and medial half of clavicle; mastoid process and medial one-third of superior nuchal line
C. Sternal manubrium and medial one-third of clavicle; mastoid process and lateral half of superior nuchal line
D. Sternal manubrium and lateral half of clavicle; mastoid process and lateral one-third of superior nuchal line
E. Mastoid process and lateral half of superior nuchal line; sternal manubrium, medial one-third of clavicle
C. Sternal manubrium and medial one-third of clavicle; mastoid process and lateral half of superior nuchal line
57. A myofilament that runs through the core of a thick filament and anchors it to a Z disc is called a(n) __________.
A. myofibril
B. thin filament
C. T tubule
D. sarcolemma
E. elastic filament
E. elastic filament
29. Which of the following is true concerning isotonic eccentric contraction?
A. The muscle shortens but tension remains constant.
B. The muscle lengthens but tension remains constant.
C. The muscle tenses and shortens.
D. The muscle tenses but length remains unchanged.
E. The muscle lengthens and tension declines.
B. The muscle lengthens but tension remains constant.
26. In order for muscle to continue contracting during anaerobic fermentation, which of the following is essential?
A. Cholinesterase inhibitors
B. Protease
C. Myokinase
D. Acetylcholinesterase
E. Acid phosphatase
C. Myokinase
66. Based on what you know about muscle attachments, which of the following is true?
A. An insertion generally moves towards an origin in contraction.
B. An origin generally moves towards an insertion in contraction.
C. An insertion generally moves towards another insertion in contraction.
D. An origin generally moves towards another origin in contraction.
A. An insertion generally moves towards an origin in contraction.
31. Which cranial nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius?
A. Abducens
B. Facial
C. Vagus
D. Accessory
E. Trigeminal
D. Accessory