Stretching/Injuries
What is flexibility?
A joint's ability to move through a full range of motion
Example of muscle associated with a bone or body region?
Temporalis (over temporal bone)
Are muscle fibers made of one or many rod-like myofibrils?
Many
What is a motor neuron?
Nerve that stimulates a muscle fiber to contract.
Myosin are ___ filaments and actin are ___ filaments
thick; thin
What are two benefits of stretching?
Lengthens muscle, increases flexibility.
Example of a muscle based on this size: maximus, major (large)?
Gluteus maximus
What types of muscle is there?
Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac
When does the peak of rigor mortis occur?
12 hours after death
What causes muscle fatigue?
Often caused by accumulation of lactic acid (lowers pH)
What is the inflammation of the tendon, often caused by overuse?
Tendonitis
Number of Origins:
-Biceps: ___
-Triceps: ___
-Biceps: 2 origins
-Triceps: 3 origins
What does the muscular system do?
Movement, Maintain posture, Stabilize joints, Produce heat
What muscle fiber does the following: Contract slowly and weakly, is fatigue–resistant, used for endurance
Slow oxidative fibers
What do isometric contractions result in?
Muscle contracts but neither lengthens nor shortens
What movement does ballistic stretching utilize and why?
Uses a bouncing or jerking movement to increase the stretch beyond the normal range of movement.
What are the movable and immovable ends of skeletal muscle?
-Origin: the immovable end
-Insertion: the movable end
Skeletal muscle is an organ composed of: (List all 4)
Skeletal muscle fibers (cells), Connective tissue, Nerve fibers, Blood vessels
What happens during muscle fatigue?
Muscle loses ability to contract
What is the role of the synergist and antagonists?
Antagonists- oppose the agonist
Synergist- assist the agonist.
What does PNF (stretching) stand for?
-Proprioceptive
-Neuromuscular
-Facilitation
Three muscles based on shape?
-Right and left trapezius
-Deltoid
During muscle regeneration, which of have limited and easily regenerated muscle?
Skeletal and cardiac muscle have very limited ability to regenerate. Smooth muscle can easily regenerate.
Name steps 1-3 in muscle fiber contraction
1. ACh causes calcium levels to rise.
2. The increase in calcium exposes binding sites on actin.
3. Myosin heads attach to actin forming cross-bridges.
Name steps 4-6 in muscle fiber contraction
4. Myosin head bends, pulls on actin.
5. ATP breaks link between actin and myosin.
6. Myosin returns its original position.