Microanatomy
What is a muscle Fiber?
A Muscle Cell.
What are the three muscle types?
Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth.
What are the two types of muscle contractions?
Isotonic and Isometric contractions
Define Origin, Insertion, and Action.
Origin- where the muscle begins
Insertion- where it ends
Action- what is does
Injury recover?
Repair is limited and scar tissue usually forms.
What is the Sacrolemma?
Cell Membrane of muscle fiber.
Which muscle type(s) perform involuntarily?
Smooth and Cardiac.
What action does muscles do actively and what do they do passively?
Actively contract and passively elongate.
Define Agonist, Antagonist, and Synergist.
Agonist- Prime mover
Antagonist- Opposing mover
Synergist- Helper muscle
Muscle Strength?
Decreases
What is the Sacroplasm?
The cytoplasm of the muscle fiber.
How many nuclei are in Skeletal Muscles?
Many! (hundreds)
Define Muscle Fatigue and what causes it?
When a muscle loses ability to contract due to low pH lactic acid buildup) and low ATP levels.
Define Epimysium, Perimysium, and Endomysium.
Epimysium: Covering around muscle
Perimysium:Covering around fascicle of cells
Endomysium: Covering around a muscle cell
Muscle Size?
Fibers become smaller in diameter.
What is the Sarcomere responsible for?
Responsible for muscle contraction (by shortening the entire cell).
Which muscle types resembles an eye shape?
Smooth muscle
What is oxygen debt?
Amount of excess oxygen used during the recovery period.
To extend our leg at the knee, the quadriceps femoris in the thigh are activated, causing the extension. Our hamstrings also in our thigh are activated to try to slow down and/or stop the movement. Identify what is the agonist, antagonist, and synergist. (Not all three are present)
Agonist:quadriceps femoris
Antagonist: hamstrings
Synergist: N/A
Muscle Elasticity?
Develop more fibrous connective tissue making muscles less flexible.
What are myofilaments made out of?
Thick and thin filaments
Which muscle type(s) are striated?
Cardiac and Skeletal muscles
What type of athlete relies on fast fibers and what kind relies on slow fibers?
Sprinter-fast fibers
Distance runner-slow fibers
When performing a forearm flexion (such as lifting a cup), your biceps brachii is the prime mover of the action. The muscle that assists with this action is called the brachialis. Identify what is the agonist, antagonist, and synergist. (Not all three are present)
Agonist:Biceps brachii
Antagonist: N/A
Synergist: brachialis
Exercise tolerance? MUST INCLUDE AND DEFINE THERMOREGULATION
Decreases in part to reduced thermoregulatory ability.
Thermoregulation: process that allows your body to maintain its core internal temperature.