Anatomy
What is the basic structural unit of a muscle called?
What is a sarcomere?
What is the primary energy source for muscle contraction?
What is ATP (adenosine triphosphate)?
Which type of muscle is involuntary and found in the walls of organs?
What is smooth muscle?
What is isometric contraction?
What is a contraction where muscle length does not change while producing force?
What is muscular dystrophy?
What is a group of genetic disorders characterized by progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass?
Name the three layers of connective tissue that surround and protect muscle tissue.
What are epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium?
Explain the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction.
Calcium ions bind to troponin, allowing myosin to bind to actin for contraction.
What is the main characteristic of cardiac muscle?
What is it being striated and involuntary?
Define isotonic contraction.
What is a contraction where the muscle changes length while lifting a constant load?
Identify a common cause of muscle cramps.
What is dehydration or electrolyte imbalance?
Which muscle group is primarily responsible for flexing the elbow?
What are the biceps brachii?
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration in muscles?
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces more ATP; anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen and produces lactic acid.
What happens during eccentric contraction?
What is the muscle lengthening while under tension?
Describe the condition of tendinitis.
What is the inflammation of a tendon?
What muscle is the prime mover for plantarflextion and aids with flexion of the knee?
How does the nervous system stimulate muscle contraction?
The nervous system sends an action potential that releases acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, triggering muscle contraction.
Name a major skeletal muscle that is responsible for extending the knee.
What is the quadriceps?
Explain the concept of muscle tone.
Muscle tone is the continuous and passive partial contraction of the muscles, helping maintain posture.
What is the primary symptom of fibromyalgia?
What is widespread musculoskeletal pain?
Describe the origin and insertion and what the three functions of skeletal muscle are
Origin - fixed location attachment
Insertion - more moveable attachment location
Function: posture maintence, heat generation, skeletal movement
Describe the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction.
The sliding filament theory explains how actin and myosin filaments slide past each other to shorten the muscle fiber during contraction
What role do tendons play in the muscular system?
Tendons connect muscles to bones, allowing for movement.
What causes muscle soreness?
Micro-tears in the muscles
Explain how a strain differs from a sprain.
A strain is an injury to a muscle or tendon, while a sprain is an injury to a ligament.