Muscular System Review

Muscle Tissue

1

Name 2 functions of the muscular system.

produce movement

maintain posture

stabilize joints

generate heat

2

Which type of muscle tissue is striated?

cardiac and skeletal

3

Name 2 of the 4 characteristics that all muscle tissues have.

excitability (respond to stimulus)

contractility (can shorten)

extensibility (can stretch)

elasticity (can bounce back to original shape)

4

Which type of muscle tissue can we consciously control?

skeletal muscle tissue

5

Put the 3 protective connective tissue membrane wrappings (-mysium) in order from superficial to deep.

epimysium

perimysium

endomysium

Muscle Contraction

1

What are the two myofilaments that work together to contract a muscle?

actin and myosin

2

How many ATP molecules are used in each actin/myosin cross-bridge cycle?

1 ATP per crossbridge cycle

3

What is the space between two Z-lines within a muscle fiber called?  (A.K.A. a contractile unit)

a sarcomere

4

What is the neurotransmitter that passes from the neuron to the muscle fiber to start a contraction?

Ach (Acetylcholine)

5

Which two structures block the active sites on actin filaments?   (hint: calcium moves them aside to allow a cross bridge to form)?

Troponin and tropomyosin

Energy Use & Fatigue

1

Which phase of cellular respiration is anaerobic?

glycolysis

2

How many ATP molecules are produced in each of the 3 phases of cellular respiration?

glycolysis- 2 ATP

Kreb cycle- 2 ATP

electron transport chain- 34 ATP

3

In glycolysis, one glucose molecule splits into two molecules of _________________.

Pyruvate (or pyruvic acid)

4

What causes your muscles to begin to burn during a workout? (hint: you're out of breath)

Oxygen debt (or lactic acid fermentation)

5

Rigor mortis is caused by _________ flooding the muscle fibers, but lack of ___________ prevents cross-bridges from detaching.

calcium ions (Ca²⁺);  ATP

Macroscopic Muscle Movement

1

What connective tissue structure connects a muscle to a bone?

tendon

2

The attachment of the tendon to the stationary bone is the ______________, and the attachment to the more movable bone is the  ___________________.

origin;  insertion

3

What is the difference between a prime mover muscle and an antagonist (and provide an example).

Prime mover: muscle doing the contracting

Antagonist: opposing muscle, has to relaxes when prime mover contracts

4

________________type of movement involves moving a limb away from the midline of the body;  ___________________ involves movement toward the body.

abduction; 

adduction

5

Movement that increases the angle between two bones or parts of the body.

Extension

Muscles Fun Facts

1

Give an example of a muscle that is named for its shape.

Deltoid, trapezius

2

Give an example of a muscle named for the number of origins it has.

Biceps brachii or biceps femoris (2), triceps brachii (3), quadriceps (4)

3

Your body contains 206 bones.  Approximately how many muscles does it have compared to bones? (half, double, triple, or quadruple)

Triple (over 600 muscles)

4

What is the largest muscle in your body?

gluteus maximus

5

What is the hardest working muscle in your body?

heart (cardiac muscle tissue)