Bones & Joints
What is the main function of ligaments?
Connect bone to bone and stabilize joints.
What connects muscle to bone?
Tendons.
What is the purpose of a musculoskeletal assessment?
To evaluate mobility, strength, symmetry, and pain.
What does RICE stand for?
Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation.
What is the priority nursing assessment after casting a limb?
Neurovascular checks (circulation, sensation, movement).
The ends of long bones are covered with what type of tissue?
Articular cartilage.
What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscle?
Voluntary = skeletal (under conscious control); involuntary = smooth or cardiac.
Which imaging study best visualizes soft tissues, ligaments, and tendons?
MRI.
A tear in a ligament is called a ________.
Sprain.
Which diet supports bone health?
High calcium and vitamin D.
Name the three main types of joints.
Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial.
What is the point of attachment where a muscle begins called?
Origin.
What diagnostic test measures bone density?
DEXA (Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry).
A fracture with bone protruding through the skin is called what?
Open (compound) fracture.
Name two ways nurses can help prevent osteoporosis.
Encourage weight-bearing exercise and adequate calcium/vitamin D intake.
Which type of bone cell is responsible for breaking down bone tissue?
Osteoclasts.
Define "isometric contraction."
Muscle tension increases, but the muscle length does not change.
What does arthroscopy allow a healthcare provider to do?
Directly visualize and treat joint structures with a scope.
What is the primary cause of osteoarthritis?
Wear and tear of cartilage over time.
After arthroscopy, what should the nurse monitor for?
Swelling, bleeding, infection, and joint immobility.
What term describes age-related bone loss leading to fragility fractures?
Osteoporosis.
What chemical is essential for muscle contraction and relaxation?
Calcium (Ca²⁺).
What lab test might be elevated in bone or muscle injury?
Creatine kinase (CK) or alkaline phosphatase (ALP).
Name one common complication of immobility affecting the musculoskeletal system.
Muscle atrophy, contractures, or joint stiffness.
What should a nurse teach a patient about maintaining joint health?
Regular exercise, maintaining healthy weight, good posture, ergonomic body mechanics.