Bones
Joints
Muscles
The Vertebrae
Miscellaneous
100
Grating or crackling sound or sensation; may occur with movement of ends of a broken bone or irregular joint surface
What is crepitus or crepitation?
100
Stiffness, reduced flexibility, and pain in the _______ joints causes diminished range of motion and may interfere with activities of daily living.
What are synovial joints?
100
Three functions of muscles.
What are body movement, posture and heat production?
100
This is an exaggerated curvature of the thoracic spine.
What is kyphosis?
100
This gait is described as staggering and uncoordinated often with sway.
What is an ataxic gait?
200
Hand and finger joint deformities are often seen in what musculoskeletal disorder?
What is rheumatoid arthritis.
200
A shortening of the muscle and tendon that leads to deformity and limits joint mobility.
What is a contracture?
200
This is dense fibrous connective tissue whose purpose is to connect muscles to bone.
What is a tendon?
200
This is an exaggerated curvature of the lumbar spine.
What is lordosis?
200
A general term, describing a lack of muscle control or coordination of voluntary movements.
What is ataxia?
300
These are ropelike bundles of collagen fibrils that bind the articulating bones together They provide stability while allowing controlled movement at joints.
What are ligaments?
300
Known as excessive fluid within the joint capsule, most commonly in the knee.
What is an effusion?
300
One of three major muscle types. It is a form of striated muscle tissue, which is under the voluntary control of the somatic nervous system. It accounts for half of the human's body weight.
What is skeletal muscle?
300
This is a lateral S-shaped curvature of the thoracic and lumbar spine.
What is scoliosis?
300
The normal range of serum calcium.
What is 9.0 - 10.5 mg/dL?
400
A layer of cartilage found in childhood and adolescents. It separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis and nurtures and facilitates longitudinal growth. This becomes calcified in adults.
What is the epiphyseal plate or growth plate?
400
Bone surfaces within a joint capsule are not in direct contact with each other, thanks to the ___________ and __________.
What are cartilage and synovial fluid?
400
This is the term used for involuntary contractions of skeletal muscle that occur with hypocalcemia.
What is tetany?
400
The name of this area of the vertebral column.
What is the cervical spine?
400
This laboratory is used to diagnose inflammatory diseases and infection. Is also present in large amounts in the serum after onset of tissue damage.
What is C-reactive protein (CRP)?
500
The process by which osteoclasts break down bone and release calcium into the blood.
What is resorption?
500
This movement of a synovial joint is described as bending of the joint from muscle contraction that causes a decrease in the angle of the two bones.
What is flexion?
500
This condition, pictured here, which depicts an immovable plantar-flexed position (contracture) of the joint.
What is foot drop?
500
The name for this piece of cartilage that provides a cushion between the femur and the tibia. There are two in each knee joint. They can be damaged or torn during activities that put pressure on or rotate the knee joint. A tear in one of them is pictured here.
What is the meniscus?
600
A reduction in bone mass to below-normal levels, but not low enough to be diagnosed as osteoporosis.
What is osteopenia?
600
These are small sacs of synovial fluid. They are found at bony prominences or joints to relieve pressure and decrease friction between moving parts.
What are bursae?
600
An EMG or electromyography examines for weakness, pain and/or disability in these structures of the musculoskeletal system.
What are muscles?
600
This diagnostic study allows assessment of bone density with minimal radiation. Used to diagnose metabolic bone disease.
What is a DEXA (dual energy x-ray absorpitometry) scan?