Anatomy
This ligament runs in the same direction as the ACL, is firmly attached to a meniscus and prevents knee valgus.
What is the MCL
This test, for a meniscus tear, involves the pt standing on the symptomatic leg, holding the examiner’s hand. Pt rotates the body and leg internally and externally with the knee flexed 5* and then 20*.
What is the Thessaly Test
The concave-convex rule describes the relationship between arthrokinematics and osteokinematics and states that when a convex surface moves on a concave surface, the convex surface moves ____ of the bony shaft. The opposite is true for concave moving on convex.
What is opposite
A combination of valgum, flexion, and ER forces applied to the knee when the foot is planted can cause the “unhappy triad” referring to these structures.
What are the ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus
A 60 y.o. Male presenting to the ED s/p mechanical fall down 1 FOS, landing on R knee. Pt denies hitting head or LOC. Pt has isolated TTP on the R patella and no other TTP in surrounding areas. Pt with 0* knee extension and 20* knee flexion. Based on the Ottawa Knee Rules, you recommend ____ for the pt.
What is an x-ray
These 3 structures create the femoral triangle which the femoral artery and nerve passes through.
What are the sartorius, adductor longus muscles and the inguinal ligament.
Ely’s test identifies tightness of the rectus femoris through this (+) sign.
What is hip flexion of the tested limb.
The hip joint typically requires this amount of flexion and extension for normal gait.
What is 30 degrees of flexion, 10 degrees of extension
When bone is connected by dense fibrous membrane or cord with very little motion it is known as this type of joint.
What is syndesmosis.
A 34 y.o. Female is referred to PT. Pt. is a frequent runner who noted insidious onset of L hip pain ~3 weeks ago. She notes she has typically constant pain at rest, pain with lying on L side, pain with sit<>stand and stairs. On eval, she has normal hip ROM, though she endorses pain with active hip movement. She is TTP around L greater troch. Based on her presentation it is likely she has this condition.
What is hip bursitis.
These bones are the components that make up the ankle mortise.
What are the talus, medial malleolus of tibia, and lateral malleolus of fibula
Name the ligament being tested with an ankle anterior drawer test for ligamentous instability.
What is the anterior talofibular ligament
The screw home mechanism in the knee allows for greater stability in weightbearing by locking out the joint in full extension through this movement of the femur on the tibia.
What is internal rotation.
When performing the Brush (stroke) test on a pt you find that there is a larger bulge on the medial side of the knee with the downstroke. Based on the grading scale you would give this pt a ___ grade.
What is a 1+
A patient brings in their 13 y.o. Son for you to “take a look at” since he has been having persistent LE pain. He ℅ vague pain around knee/thigh/hip and appears to demonstrate a slight trendelenburg gait. Based on his presentation what condition do you suspect?
What is slipped capital femoral epiphysis
This structure in the body also known as the “Y” ligament is the strongest in the body.
What is the iliofemoral ligament
A positive sign on the FADIR test in which a pt’s LE is passively moved from hip flexion, abd and ER into hip flexion, add and IR identifies pathology in which structure of the hip?
What is femoroacetabular impingement (Also will take ant. Labral tears, iliopsoas pathology)
This is the most common lever type in the body with 2 forces on 1 side of the fulcrum such as with elbow flexion
What is a class 3 lever.
You are performing MMT on a patient with possible rotator cuff tear. You are testing shoulder abduction and patient is able to initiate active motion in standing for the test but is unable to surpass >30 degrees. In supine, pt. Is able to actively abduct to 110 degrees with pain. You would grade her abductor strength as this MMT grade.
What is 2+/5.
Pt is a 50 y.o. female who has noticed significant pain localized to medial heel and sole of R foot. She notices most pain in the morning with her first steps out of bed or after a long day as a factory worker. Pt. has limited dorsiflexion and pain is reproduced with passive extension of 1st MTP with a stabilized ankle. What test would you do for a differential diagnosis?
What is Tinel’s Sign
These accessory structures support the medial longitudinal arch along with bony structures. (Name 3)
What is the 1. plantar aponeurosis, 2. foot intrinsics, 3. tibialis ant/post, 4. fibularis longus, 5. FDL, 6. FHL.
The squeeze test of the distal LE tests the integrity of which structure?
What is distal tibiofibular syndesmosis.
This mechanism creates a rigid lever in the foot during push-off through tightening of the plantar fascia with MTP extension.
What is the windlass effect?
The capsular pattern for this LE joint articulation has most limitations in IR, flexion, and abduction.
What is the iliofemoral (hip) joint
During an examination of an adolescent female who complains of anterior knee pain, the PT observes the lower extremity shows medial femoral torsion and toe-ing in position of feet. This presentation is commonly associated with this pathology of the hip.
What is anteversion