Aging
What happens to muscle mass and strength as we age?
Muscle mass and strength decrease
What are s/sx of Fibromyalgia?
Generalized aching, tension headaches, fatigue, cognitive symptoms, depression/anxiety
What is osteomyelitis?
Local or generalized infection of the bone and bone marrow
What is osteoporosis?
Reduction of bone mass
Which form of arthritis is an autoimmune disease?
Rheumatoid arthritis
What are complications of fractures?
Compartment syndrome, shock, fat embolism, gas gangrene, thromboembolism, delayed healing or nonunion
What happens to ligaments, tendons and cartilage as we age?
Elasticity of ligaments, tendons and cartilage decreases and results in weaker bones.
What are the diagnostic tests for fibromyalgia?
There are no specific laboratory or radiographic tests to diagnose FMS.
What type of bacteria is the most common cause of osteomyelitis?
Staphylococci
What are contributing factors of osteoporosis?
Immobilization, steroids, high intake of caffeine, diet low in calcium, high in protein, smoking and sedentary lifestyle.
What is the most common form of arthritis?
Osteoarthritis
Who is at the highest risk for a hip fracture?
Women are at a high risk d/t osteoporosis
What happens to the intervertebral spaces when we age?
The intervertebral spaces decrease from water loss resulting in a loss of height.
What are some pharmacological management options for people with FMS?
Tricyclic antidepressants, anticonvulsants, NSAIDs
What are risk factors for osteomyelitis?
Open fx, gunshot or deep puncture wound, orthopedic surgery, soft tissue infection, pressure ulcers, impaired immune function, venous statis or arterial ulcers of the legs, diabetes
What are s/sx of osteoporsis?
Backache, porous and brittle bones, Dowager's hump, pathological fx
What happens with Rheumatoid arthritis?
RA is a disease in which the immune system attacks the joints, beginning with the lining of the joints.
What are sprains?
Wrenching or hyperextension of a joint.
What can bone calcium loss lead to?
Bone calcium loss can lead to fractures.
Nursing interventions for FMS?
Patient education and reassurance, exercise, alternative therapies
What are s/sx of osteomyelitis?
Malaise, muscle weakness, loss of appetite, generalized aching, edema and tenderness of joints, limited ROM (morning stiffness)
What is the medical management/nursing interventions for osteoporosis?
Weight-bearing exercises
What is osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis involves the wearing away of the cartilage that caps the bones in your joints.
What are strains?
Microscopic muscle tears as a result of overstretching muscles and tendons.
What happens to posture and gait as we age?
Posture and gait become altered.
What is the etiology/patho of FMS?
FMS is idiopathic.
Nursing interventions for osteomyelitis:
Rest the affected extremity, wound care, drainage and secretion precautions
What are the diagnostic tests used for osteoporosis?
Bone density scan, X-ray
What is a nursing intervention for RA?
Rest and exercise are both important.
What should be avoided after hip surgery?
The pt should avoid adduction of the affected leg beyond midline for 2-3 months (maintain abduction)