Musculoskeletal Review

Musculoskeletal Disorders

100

True or False: 

osteoarthritis is an autoimmune disorder that is characterized by chronic joint pain that may be unilateral

FALSE

OA is the progressive degenerative deterioration and loss of cartilage in one or more joints

200

Two differences between OA and RA

OA: progressive degenerative deterioration and loss of cartilage in one or more joints 

- Chronic joint pain and stiffness 

- may have unilateral pain

- Pain decreases after rest and worsens with activity

- Crepitus (popping, clicking, or crackling sound in joint) 

- Herbeden’s nodes: closest to the end of the fingers and toes

- Bouchard’s nodes: middle joints of fingers or toes 

RA: chronic, progressive autoimmune connective tissue disorder primarily affecting synovial joints 

- Morning stiffness; pain at rest or after immobility 

- Bilateral joint inflammation with decreased range of motion

- Warmth, redness and edema of affected areas 

- Encourage physical activity to maintain joint mobility

- Complementary therapies (hypnosis, acupuncture, music)

300

What are the names of the nodes that may develop with OA and where are they located on the hand

1. Heberden: closest to the end of the fingers

2. Bouchard: middle joints of fingers 

400

Explain what thoracic kyphosis is and with what disease this is associated with

1. Thoracic kyphosis (excessive curvature of the thoracic spine that can create a rounded upper back)

2. Found in people with osteoporosis 

Traction & Diagnostics

100

2 supplements that need to be stopped prior to this scan

Vitamin D

Calcium

200

Name a disorder in which halo traction is used

Scoliosis

Kyphosis

Basilar invagination (the top of the spine pushes into the base of the skull)

300

In this type of traction, surgery is needed to insert pins into the affected extremity which is then supported in a splint

Balanced suspension skeletal traction

400

Two main differences between a bone scan and a DEXA scan

Bone Scan:

- needs a radioactive substance

- can see entire skeletal system

- can detect tumors, unexplained bone pain and osteoporosis 

DEXA Scan:

- measures bone mineral density for diagnoses of osteopenia and osteoporosis 

- have loose fitting clothes, no jewelry, no vitamin D or calcium 48 hours before

Fractures

100

Fracture most commonly seen in children due to soft bones?

greenstick

200

Fracture most commonly seen in cases of physical abuse?

Spiral

300

Essential vitamin for calcium absorption?

Vitamin D

400

Measures to reduce risk of orthopedic injuries?

Calcium

weight bearing exercise