Bones & Structure
What are the two main parts of the musculoskeletal system?
The muscular system and the skeletal system.
Which type of muscle is voluntary and attached to bones?
Skeletal muscle.
What is a joint?
The point where two bones meet.
True or False:
Osteoporosis causes bones to become porous and brittle.
True
Why should a nursing assistant support a cast with both hands?
To prevent cracking or damaging the cast.
What is the primary function of bones?
To provide structure, protect organs, and allow movement.
What is muscle atrophy?
Wasting or weakening of muscles due to inactivity.
What is the role of cartilage in joints?
Answer: To cushion and reduce friction.
What class of disease is rheumatoid arthritis?
Autoimmune disease.
What is the main safety concern for residents with osteoporosis?
Preventing falls and fractures.
What is osteopenia?
Lower than normal bone density but not low enough to be osteoporosis.
True or False
Muscular Dystrophy can occur in females.
False
True or False:
A contracture is permanent tightening of a muscle or joint.
True.
Can children get arthritis?
Yes
What should be reported immediately about a new cast?
Numbness, tingling, swelling, cold skin, or discoloration.
What is the difference between muscle and bone?
Bones give structure; muscles move that structure.
Why can Muscular Dystrophy not occur in females?
The gene is on the Y chromosome which females do not have.
Where are the tendons of the hand located? Flexor tendons and key tendons.
Flexor tendons and key tendons.
What is the first-line treatment for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis?
Steroids such as prednisone or methylprednisolone.
Why should residents with limited mobility be repositioned every two hours?
To prevent pressure injuries and maintain circulation.
What does a rheumatologist do?
A rheumatologist specializes in treatment of diseases in the bones, muscles, tendons, heart, etc.
What is the purpose of ROM exercises?
To maintain or improve joint flexibility and prevent contractures.
What is abduction vs. adduction?
Abduction moves a limb away from the body; adduction moves it toward the body.
What is arthritis?
Inflammation of the joints causing pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility.
What is the nursing assistant’s role during physical therapy?
Encourage participation, ensure safety, and follow the care plan.