Osteoporosis, Bone Cancer
Surgical procedures to restore mobility issues cause by osteoporosis (2 procedures)
kyphoplasty (place bone cement in bone to support and reinforce)
vertebroplasty
Bone cancer is twice a likely to be found in _____. Prognosis for this is _____ and usually results in _____.
males
poor
death
Treatment options for bone cancer (4 options)
radiation, chemotherapy, pain management, surgery
The most common dislocations in upper extremities are... (3)
shoulder, elbow, thumb
Hip dislocations are considered an emergency and must be fixed within __ hours.
6 hours
Complications associated with osteoporosis
skeletal changes, risk of fall, fractures
What is ewing's sarcoma? who is most likely to be diagnosed with it?
it is a primary bone cancer and is the most deadly of all cancers
most common in children
Why is tendonitis more common in people over the age of 40?
as people age, their tendons lose some elasticity and are prone to tearing
Most common dislocations in lower extremities are... (2)
hip, knee
What kind of sedation is used to place a dislocation? general, regional, conscious, local, spinal
conscious
Physical signs of osteoporosis
Dowager's hump (kyphosis), loss of height, back pain, pain increased activity
typical manifestations of bone cancer (5)
pain worse with motion and unrelieved with rest, possibly resulting in a limp
swelling
redness
decreased range of motion
fracture
What are the common causes of tendonitis?
over use or minor repetitive minor impacts, or sudden severe impact
Clinical manifestations of a subluxations and dislocations. Whats the most obvious sign?
deformity in the limb, it'll appear shorter and there will be pain at the joint (most obvious sign)
limited range of motion, loss of function, swelling
If someone is experiencing multiple dislocations or unstable dislocations, what procedure can be done to correct this issue? What does it do?
open reduction - surgically enter the joint and correct the issue
What are the two categories bone cancer is divided into?
benign, malignant
What are some diagnostic studies and labs used to confirm bone cancer? Which study is definitive for diagnosing bone cancer? (4 studies and 5 labs)
ct scans, bone scans, mris, and bone biopsy.
blood tests, urine samples, serum alkaline phosphatase, lactic acid, ESR
Bone biopsy is the one and only definitive study that can confirm bone cancer
Where in tendonitis typically found?
the elbow
complications associated with subluxations and dislocations
fractures, necrosis, damage to neurovascular tissue if left untreated
After care for subluxations and dislocations include...
physical therapy - help reduce future issues
Bone tumors are more prevalent in the ages __-__
10 to 30
The goal of treatment is to....
destroy or remove the tumor without losing the limb
What is the difference between subluxation and dislocation? common causes of each?
subluxation is a partial separation of a joint, usually caused by loose support structures, or trauma
dislocation is a complete separation of a joint, usually caused by trauma or less common, something congenital
What is the typical plan of care for subluxations and dislocations? Pre-hospital? Hospital?
Hospital: align and pop back into place
What is the nursing plan of care for treating a patient with a subluxation or dislocation?
pain management, support/protect the joint, thorough assessment of limb, educate patient on limitations and care of the joint, skin care underneath support devices, compliance with physical therapy