Anatomical Terminology
Skeletal System
Structural Bone Anatomy
Joints
Muscular System
Structural Muscle Anatomy
100
Which anatomical plane divides the body into inferior and superior halves?
Transverse plane.
100
Identify this bone.
Radius
100
In what structure or region of long bones is the majority of red bone marrow found?
The spongy bone and/or epiphyses.
100
Name this type of synovial joint.
Ball-and-socket.
100
Identify the muscle.
Deltoid.
100
Name the connective tissue structure which attaches muscles to bones.
Tendon.
200
A structure further away from the midline is described as ________.
Lateral.
200
Name A, B, and C.
A = Ilium
B = Pubis
C = Ischium
200
Name the four types of bones.
Long, short, irregular, and flat.
200
The bones of the skull form what type of joint?
Fibrous.
200
List the three different types of muscle tissue.
Cardiac, smooth, and skeletal.
200
A bundle of muscle fibers is called a _______.
Fascicle.
300
What is the position of the scapula relative to the clavicle?
The scapula is posterior to the clavicle.
300
Name the bones of the pectoral girdle.
Clavicle and scapula.
300
What are the two primary biochemical components which make up the structure of bone tissue?
Calcium phosphate minerals and collagen proteins.
300
What specific type of joint exists at the wrist between the carpals and the distal ends of the radius & ulna?
Condyloid synovial joint
300
The _______ of a muscle is where it attaches to a stationary or proximal bone.
Origin.
300
Name the thin layer of connective tissue which surrounds the entire muscle organ.
Epimysium.
400
In anatomical position, flexion and extension of the elbow occur parallel to what anatomical plane?
Sagittal plane.
400
This is an anterior view of what lower extremity bone?
Tibia.
400
What is the name of the hollow space inside the diaphysis of long bones?
Medullary cavity.
400
Describe the relationship between mobility and stability in joints.
Mobility and stability are inversely related. As mobility increases, stability decreases and vice versa.
400
Identify this muscle.
Iliopsoas.
400
List at least three differences between skeletal muscle cells and smooth muscle cells.
Skeletal muscle is striated, skeletal muscle is voluntarily controlled, skeletal muscle is multinucleated, and smooth muscle is found in hollow organs such as blood vessels and the intestines.
500
Describe the specific location of this fracture.
Distal femur.
500
Name four major functions of the skeletal system.
Protection, support and maintenance of posture, attachment points for muscles (supporting movement), production of blood cells, storage and release of minerals, and storage of energy.
500
Describe the function of the articular cartilage.
Absorbs shock and reduces friction at joints.
500
Describe what makes synovial joints unique compared to the other general joint types.
Synovial joints have a fluid-filled capsule between articulating bones.
500
List the three hamstring muscles AND the four quadricep muscles.
Hamstrings: Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus.
Quadriceps: Rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and vastus intermedius.
500
List at least three general properties or characteristics which are common to muscle tissue.
Excitability, contractility, extensibility, and elasticity.