Musical Elements
piano, mezzo piano, mezzo forte, and forte
What are dynamics?
group of composers that developed organum
Who is the Notre Dame School?
composer that saved polyphony after the Council of Trent
What is Germany?
for example, rondo and sonata
What are forms?
how high or low a voice/instrument can sing/play
What is range?
traveling secular musicians from France
What are troubadours/trouveres?
when an image or idea of a text is emulated in its musical setting, frequently used in madrigals
What is word painting?
virtuoso violinist and composer of the Four Seasons concerto
Who was Vivaldi?
improvisatory passage featuring soloistic virtuosity
What is a cadenza?
color or quality of sound
What is timbre?
medieval type of notehead
What is a neume?
defining philosophy of the Renaissance
What is humanism?
group that uses figured bass to play backup on bass instruments and keyboard
high-ranking, coloratura-singing character featured in the Mozart opera The Magic Flute
Who is the Queen of the Night?
What is meter?
Catholic liturgy involving the same music every Sunday
What is the Mass Ordinary?
music written in dance forms, published in instrumental suites, and not danced to
What is stylized dance music?
melodic opera song in ABA form where the singer reflects on their emotional state
What is a Da Capo aria?
note written by Beethoven about how his deafness nearly drove him to suicide
What is the Heiligenstadt Testament?
monophony, homophony, and polyphony
What is texture?
second most important pitch in a mode
What is a reciting tone?
sacred music melodic source combined with a non-scriptural text
What is a motet?
a stately, slow intro using dotted rhythms, followed by a fast section using imitation
style that bridges Classical and Romantic eras
What is Storm and Stress?