Show:
Pitch Perception
Rhythm and Meter
Tonal Cognition
Memory
Evolution
100
Made up of multiple pure tones, called partials or frequency components in this context.
What is a complex tone?
100
A serial figure based on an arrangement of discrete time intervals. It contrasts with metre, which is based upon embedding time intervals. OR a "serial" phenomenon, it relates to the division of the stimulus into sections, which can then be grouped together; often referred to as "musical time"
What is rhythm?
100
An ordering of "all the notes" that can be found literally in music (i.e. in a melodic passage that ascends stepwise) OR A gamut of pitch classes (chroma), abstract and unordered, not found literally in music
What is a scale?
100
That mechanism by which we focus or train our sensory organs onto certain things; this is a limited resource that has control over what goes into our memory.
What is attention?
100
This theory proposes that the selection of advantageous attributes will occur in an environment with limited resources filled with diverse beings that pass on their traits to their young.
What is evolutionary theory?
200
DAILY DOUBLE! The ability to recreate and identify a musical pitch without any external reference. Everyone has absolute pitch to some extent.
What is absolute pitch?
200
The certain way our minds may organize a set of rhythmic stimuli into groups based on a certain recurring pattern of strong and weak beats.
What is a metric hierarchy?
200
SONIC STIMULUS This type of task is used often in tonal cognition studies.
What is a probe tone task?
200
A general form that builds from statistical learning and is involved in the unconscious generation of expectations.
What is a schema? (plural: schemata)
200
The facility to extract musical patterns from the rich mixture of auditory information that reaches our ears.
What is auditory scene analysis?
300
The natural resonances of a musical system, typically occurring above the fundamental frequency, that help define the timbre (but not the pitch) of a note. Harmonics are the primary example of this
What is an overtone/partial?
300
A pulse stream in a metric hierarchy that happens in a particular range of around 60-100 bpm; it is embodied in all of us in our a heart rate.
What is a tactus?
300
In music written with major-minor tonality, this determines the scale used. It marks and defines the distribution of pitch classes, according to the distributional theory; therefore, while transposing a piece music to another one of these can change its feel, the transposition won't change the actual relationship of the pitches. This is usually used a synonym for mode, but is restricted to Western music governed by a harmonic (as opposed to melodic) grammar.
What is a key?
300
Not to be confused with sensory memory, this is the capacity of the mind to hold small amounts of information for a limited amount of time, believed to have a capacity of between 4 to 9 items.
What is short-term memory?
300
This thinker proposed that "musical sounds afforded one of the bases for the development of language" and that the mechanism by which music arose in humans was sexual selection.
Who is Charles Darwin?
400
The perceptual grouping of sequentially presented sounds. The perception of distinct, continuous melodies among stimuli.
What is stream segregation?
400
A collection of oscillations of neural activity in the brain; a way for us to organize a lot of musical info in our brains, by forming this from different oscillations, which each prime others and thus help us remember the whole group
What is a metric cluster?
400
DAILY DOUBLE! These two theories of how we determine a key are alternatives to one another. The first proposes key-finding is a function of a template-matching operation based on tonal hierarchies. The second involves position-finding in the diatonic scale, in which each position is unique.
What are the distributional and the structural theories of key?
400
As opposed to sensory memory, this type is a highly efficient storage of information that results from the conversion of sensory memory via encoding of the stimulus into a form that is more easily retained and retrievable than sensory memory.
What is verbal memory?
400
This thinker proposed that having an appreciation for music gives us no advantage in our evolutionary niche; thus the arts are "non-adapative pleasure seeking." Rather, humans engage in music because it "tickles" other faculties that have evolved to be advantageous, including the language capacity, auditory scene analysis and the ability to detect emotion in other people.
Who is Steven Pinker?
500
Analyzes the timing of action potentials in order to gain accurate information concerning the coding of frequencies below approximately 5 kHz
What is temporal coding?
500
How physical movements or limitations of our body affect our perception of rhythm.
What is kinesthetics?
500
This is the term for the phenomenon when the metrical and pitch structures in a stimulus work together (as opposed to against each other) to create a strong percept of metric hierarchy.
What is joint-accent structure?
500
Statistical learning (give a definition).
What is the idea that we learn components of our cognition (music or language, for example) by way of subconscious statistical calculation.
500
This theory, proposed by a number of thinkers, including Steven Brown and Steven Mithen, holds that as humans evolved, a system of communication that had attributes of both music and speech specialized into these two distinct entities.
What is the Musilanguage Theory? (Also acceptable, Hmmmmm)