Middle Ages
When was the Medieval time period?
476C.E.-1400
When was the Renaissance era?
1400-1600
When was the Baroque Era?
1600-1750
What is an absolute monarch? Give an example and the era they are from.
A king or a queen who believes it is their divine right by God to rule.
King Louise 14th, The Sun King- Baroque
Name 3 Baroque composers
Bach
Vivaldi
Handle
Scarlatti
What are the two types of music in the Medieval era?
Sacred and Secular
The Renaissance lifted Europe out of what age and where did it take place? Why?
The Dark Ages
Florence, Italy- wealth, papacy
What was music used as? Who was known for this philosophy?
The focus and function of music began to change. Baroque composers began to adopt the Ancient Roman and Greek philosophy that stated that music is a tool of communication
What is our modern day calendar system? Who was it named after? Era the person is from? What did he "do" for music?
Gregorian calendar
Pope Gregory "The Great" I
Gregorian chant
Who wrote the Four Seasons, the most famous movement being Spring?
Vivaldi
What type of drama was used in the Middle Ages? What did it include?
Liturgical drama
Represents survival of ancient Roman drama with Chrisitan stories (the Gospel/Passion, saints)
Acting, speaking, singing, instrumental accompaniment
Performed by traveling actors and musicians
Preserved for modern reconstruction and performance
Name 2 types of Renaissance music.
Madrigal
Frottola
Caccia
Chanson
Name 2 ways Baroque music was dramatized.
Loud v. soft
solo v. ensemble
Who is one of the most famous monarchs of this time period? What did he do?
Tudor King Henry VIII was (almost) an absolute monarch, one of the best examples being King Louis(XIV) The Sun King of France. Henry is known for leaving the Catholic Church, simply because he wanted a divorce. King Henry almost simultaneously separated the Protestant Church of England from having any political control in England. This created many “issues,” especially regarding both visual and performing arts. Many artists used their canvas or their music as a way of “siding” or pledging their loyalty to either the Catholic Church or the Church of England and/or the Tudor Monarchy.
Please name 2 Medieval composers or groups of composers.
Perotin
Leonin
Pierre de la Croix
W. de Wycombe
Adam de St. Victor
Philippe de Vitry
Name 3 different types of instruments popular during this era.
Cornet, flute, recorder, lute, mandolin, dulcimer, hurdy-gurdy, organ, vielle, sackbut
Name 4 different Renaissance instruments
Fiddles
Harps
Recorder
Organs
Name 2 styles of Baroque music. Describe what each style is.
Oratorio
Cantata
Sonata
Concerto
Suite
Describe 3 differences between Renaissance and Baroque art (visual or performing.)
Spotlight effect (B)- mellow (R)
Single melodic line w/ simple accompaniment (R)- feature instrument with basso continuo(B)
climax of the scene (B)- any moment (R)
Rich colors, intense, ornamented
Please name 4 Renaissance composers.
Guillaume DuFay
Josquin des Prez
Giovanni Palestrina
Gregorio Allegri
Thomas Tallis
Claudio Monteverdi
William Byrd
Where were the troubadours from? What language did they speak? The troveres?
Troubadours sang in Occitan (langue d’oc) South France, troveres sang in Old French (langue d’oil) North France
What were the main types of choral polyphony? Describe them.
the mass and the motet
They had four parts
based on modes
What are two types of vocal Baroque genres. Describe them
Oratorio
Oratorio passion
Sonata
Name 2 scientific discoveries made during the Baroque era and who the scientist was.
Johannes Kebler proved that Earth uses an elliptical orbit, not a circular one. Galileo Galilei made advancements on the telescope and proved Copernicus’ theory that Earth revolves around the sun. Isaac Newton just discovered the laws of motion and gravity.
Name 6 composers, their era, and either a piece they composed OR what they are famous for.
Various responses.