The Opera Giants
Wagner's term for a "total artwork" that merges all arts.
Gesamtkunstwerk
Composer who wrote the essay "New Paths" supporting Brahms.
Robert Schumann
The country represented by the "Mighty Five" group of composers.
Russia
The composer credited with creating the "Symphonic Poem."
Franz Liszt
The political movement for Italian unification reflected in "Viva Verdi!"
Risorgimento
The specific form used in the finale of Brahms's 4th Symphony.
Passacaglia (or Chaconne)
The composer of Pictures at an Exhibition.
Musorgsky
Liszt's technique of altering a musical theme's character.
Thematic Transformation
Wagner's primary musical structuring device for unity.
Leitmotive
The central debate topic: Wagner vs. Brahms.
Absolute Music vs. Program Music
Dvorak's advocated sources for a unique American national style.
African American and Native American melodies
The instrument that heavily influenced Bruckner's orchestration.
The Pipe Organ
The name of Puccini's style of operatic "realism."
Verismo
Brahms's main piano output during his final two decades.
Short Character Pieces
The artist whose memorial show inspired Pictures at an Exhibition.
Viktor Hartmann
The title of Richard Strauss's first major operatic hit.
Salome
Location where Wagner wrote his essays and began the Ring cycle.
Switzerland (Zurich)
The historical period Brahms often drew from for inspiration.
Early Music (Renaissance/Baroque)
Leading composer who created a national operatic identity for Czechia.
Bedřich Smetana
Movement that influenced Bruckner toward a cappella choral styles.
The Cecilian Movement