Licensing
This is a notification to inform the copyright holder of the request to obtain a compulsory license.
Notice of Intent (NOI)
These companies collect royalties from any place that the music is performed publicly, either live or on a recording. They pool collected money and divide it among all of their songwriters and publishers based on the frequency and ‘weight’ of each song’s public performance.
Performance Rights Organization (PRO)
When the copyright holder gets to record and distribute the song before anyone else.
Right of First Use
This type of music required tight rearrangements of popular songs, classical, light dance music. Care was taken to remove unique or potentially distracting rhythmic, melodic, harmonic features found in the original recording.
Muzak
How you get your music to iTunes, Spotify, Apple Music, Amazon, Google Play, Tidal, and 80+ other digital stores & streaming services?
Digital Distribution Company (aka: Digital aggregators)
The right to pair a musical composition with an audiovisual work such as a motion picture, television program, television commercial, music video production, or website.
Synchronization (Sync) License
The ONLY organization in the US that collects performance royalties for “non-interactive” digital sound records (i.e, digital radio...Pandora, Sirius XM, Beats 1, etc)
SoundExchange
When do copyrights expire?
70 years after the writer dies
The 1800s "pop star" who had a plethora of merchandise for sale.
Jenny Lind
This invention led to the development of voice styling and heightened nuance of voice personality.
The Microphone
Mechanical royalty rate established by copyright law to be paid for the reproduction of a copyrighted musical composition.
Statutory rate (9.1 cents/song or $1.75 for songs 5 min+)
Distributes mechanical licenses and collects royalties for cover songs.
Harry Fox Agency
Work made by an employee of a corporation or someone commissioned to do a job under certain circumstances.
Work for hire
When a record company attempts to get a cut of every income stream available to an artist.
360 Deal
Joining the ranks of Rwanda, Iran, Iraq, and North Korea, US AM/FM radio stations do not pay songwriters for this.
Composition performance royalties
The license required to make and distribute copies of containing musical compositions.
Mechanical license
This person gets the music right, gets the music out, and promotes the songwriter.
Creative Director
In publishing contracts, alteration, adaption, and special-use clauses cover the exploitation of songs in these 3 situations.
Products, politicians, films/tv
In the early 20th century, this individual was a vocalist/piano player employed by department/music stores AND song publishers to promote and help sell new sheet music
Song Plugger
Songs written for the radio aim for this length.
3.5 minutes
A license to record, reproduce and distribute copies of copyrighted musical works without the express consent of the copyright holder.
Compulsory license
This individual represents songwriters who have not assigned their rights to a publishing company, as well as signed composers who want additional support for their catalog.
Independent song pluggers
Songwriters must wait 35 years after the date of publication OR 40 years after the date the song was assigned to a publisher in order to claim this. (and must do so within a 5-year window)
Reversion rights
The role of a song plugger changed significantly in the 1960s with the introduction of what?
Rock bands (The Beatles) & singer-songwriters (Bob Dylan, etc) who wrote their own music.
Radio created the opportunity for this new stream of songwriting royalties.
Jingles/advertisements