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Note and Rest Values
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Accidentals
Dynamics
Articulation
100
This note receives one beat in Common Time
What is a quarter note
100
Makes a note "normal". The majority of your notes are played like this.
What is a natural
100
Full
What is forte
100
Full value
What is tenuto
200
This note receives two beats in Common Time
What is a half note
200

This symbol means "play the section again", and usually comes in pairs

What is a repeat sign

200
Raises the pitch of a note by one half step
What is a sharp
200
soft
What is piano
200
Not tonguing between two notes of the SAME pitch
What is tie
300
This note receives four beats in Common Time
What is a whole note
300

This symbol tells you what notes are altered in an a piece of music. 

What is key signature

300
Lowers the pitch of a note by one half step
What is a flat
300
Medium
What is mezzo
300
Not tonguing between two notes of DIFFERENT pitch
What is slur
400
This rest receives two beats in Common Time
What is a half rest
400

This symbol means "go back to the sign" in Italian. 

What is the segno

400
Raises the pitch of a note by two half steps
What is a double sharp
400
gradually get louder
What is crescendo
400
Separated
What is staccato
500
This rest receives one beat in Common Time
What is a quarter rest.
500
This word tells us the piece is over if we have a coda or repeat. 

What is Fine. 

500
Lowers the pitch of the note by two half steps
What is a double flat.
500
gradually get softer
What is decrescendo
500
With emphasis
What is accent