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Note and Rest Values
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Accidentals
Dynamics
Articulation
100
This note receives one beat in Common Time
What is a quarter note
100
This comes at the very end of a piece of music
What is the final bar line
100
Makes a note "normal". The majority of your notes are played like this.
What is a natural
100

Loud

What is forte

100

to Play smooth and connected 

What is legato

200
This note receives two beats in Common Time
What is a half note
200
This symbol means "play the section again", and usually comes in pairs
What is a repeat sign
200
Raises the pitch of a note by one half step
What is a sharp
200
soft
What is piano
200

curved line connecting two notes of the SAME pitch

What is tie

300
This note receives four beats in Common Time
What is a whole note
300
This symbol means "repeat the previous measure"
What is a one measure repeat sign
300
Lowers the pitch of a note by one half step
What is a flat
300
Medium
What is mezzo
300

curved line connecting two notes of DIFFERENT pitch

What is slur

400
This rest receives two beats in Common Time
What is a half rest
400

This sign means "go back to the sign"

What is del segno

400
Raises the pitch of a note by two half steps
What is a double sharp
400
gradually get louder
What is crescendo
400
Separated
What is staccato
500
This rest receives one beat in Common Time
What is a quarter rest.
500

This symbol literally means "the tail" or the end

What is the coda sign

500
Lowers the pitch of the note by two half steps
What is a double flat.
500
gradually get softer
What is decrescendo
500
With emphasis
What is accent