Sound waves are made up of repeating fluctuations in this, carried over distances via a chain reaction of bumping molecules.
What is air pressure?
100
This connects the middle ear to the throat and succeeds in equalizing air pressure when needed.
What is the Eustachian tube?
100
Waveforms are a graph of air pressure versus this.
What is time?
100
The articulation of a sound corresponds to this, which describes how the height of a waveform changes over time.
What is amplitude envelope?
100
The spectrum of a sound determines this, also known as the tone color or quality.
What is timbre?
200
Sound waves are commonly caused by these, through which the movement of an object induces the compression and rarefaction of air molecules.
What are vibrations?
200
Humans owe much of their ability to localize on sound to these organs, partly because of the fact that we have two of them.
What are the pinnas?
200
The frequency of a waveform corresponds to the pitch of the sound and is measured in this unit.
What are Hertz (Hz)?
200
The ADSR model consists of the attack, decay, and release segments, as well as this segment, which stays at a relatively constant amplitude.
What is sustain?
200
This part of the spectrum determines the pitch of the perceived sound, while the overtones determine the timbre.
What is the fundamental?
300
Sound requires this to propagate, regardless of whether it is in the form of a solid, liquid, or gas.
What is a medium?
300
Luckily, this can usually grow back if it is ruptured. Without it, no vibrations would be transferred to the middle ear.
What is the eardrum?
300
The amplitude of a waveform corresponds to this, both being dictated by the height of the graph.
What is loudness?
300
Struck and plucked instruments tend to lack these segments in their amplitude envelopes.
What are decay and sustain?
300
Sounds are referred to as this when their partials are all whole-number multiples of the fundamental.
What is harmonic?
400
In this type of wave, the particle movement is parallel to the overall wave direction (as is the case with sound waves).
What is a longitudinal (or compression) wave?
400
The ossicles transfer vibration to this in the inner ear. It is commonly replaced or implanted in humans who have hearing disabilities.
What is the cochlea?
400
This is approximately the highest frequency that humans can hear.
What is 20,000 Hz?
400
Bowed and blown instruments tend to exhibit longer sustain segments because the player must constantly supply this into the instrument to produce a sound.
What is energy?
400
This type of sound has all frequencies present, causing its spectrum to be more linear without significant peaks and valleys.
What is noise?
500
This phenomenon explains how the body of a musical instrument shapes and amplifies the raw vibrations of a vibrating element.
What is resonance?
500
A human's ability to differentiate between pitches relies heavily on this, which is found in the cochlea and covered with tiny hairs.
What is the basilar membrane?
500
This part of a waveform appears as a spike and shows the onset of a new attack.
What is a transient?
500
Struck and plucked instruments cannot change the pitch of a note without creating one of these, making it impossible to "slur" notes.
What is an attack?
500
This piece of audio equipment allows the user to adjust the amplitude of certain partials in a complex wave.