Rhythm
When a dot is added to lengthen the note by half of its original value.
Dotted Rhythm
a repeated rhythmic and/or pitch pattern
Ostinato
Type of cadence that ends on V
Half Cadence
An octave that is approached by parallel motion in both parts from another octave.
Parallel Octaves
Moving by half step
Chromatic Motion
Figured bass for a root position triad
5/3
A scale only made up of whole steps
Whole Tone Scale
Any melodic interval of a 3rd
Skip
2 against 3 or 3 against 2
Cross Rhythms
Texture that is the same in rhythm and pitch without variation.
Monophonic
means second to last
penultimate
A voice leading error when a voice goes higher or lower than another voice in an adjacent chord
Overlapping Voices
The distance between each voice part in part writing
Spacing
figured bass for third inversion seventh or chordal seventh as the lowest note
4/2
A scale that is made up of 5 notes. 12356 or minor 61235
Pentatonic
Intervals that are made by playing one note after another.
Melodic Intervals
Off the beat rhythms
Syncopation
1 5 3 5 pattern in the bass
Alberti Bass
A cadence that resolves from a V to a vi or in minor from a V to a VI instead of resolving from V - I or in minot V - i.
Deceptive Cadence
Tones/pitches that need to resolve in a certain direction every single time in part writing.
Tendency Tones
A 5th approached in parallel motion from another 5th
Parallel 5th
second inversion seventh chord, the chordal 5th is the lowest note (seventh chord version of a 6/4
4/3
Name for scale degree 5
Dominant
Intervals whose notes are played simultaneously
Harmonic Intervals
The frequency/rate in which the chord changes in a musical example
Harmonic Rhythm
two or more voices singing/playing together, but singing different pitches and different rhythms.
Polyphony
A cadence that ends on one, but does not adhere to strict cadence guidelines.
Imperfect Authentic Cadence (IAC)
A 6/4 chord whose lowest note is approached by step and left by step in the same direction.
Passing 6/4
Melody that is opposite to the main melody and happens at the same time as the melody.
Countermelody
first inversion seventh chord, the chordal third is on the bottom
6/5
A scale degree of a lowered 7th
Subtonic
When the musical idea changes pitch level, but still retains its identity.
Motivic Transposition
a duple rhythm over an underlying triple meter.
Hemiola
The bass is stepping in one direction toward a chord
Walking Bass
A name for the 6/4 chord in this progression I6/4 V I
Cadential 6/4
IV iv ii ii65 iio
Predominant Function Chords
A voice leading error when a voice goes higher or lower than another voice in the same chord.
Voice crossing
first inversion triad
6/5
The minor key that has the same name as the major key, but they will have different key signatures
Parallel Minor
A musical line that is mostly made up of stepwise motion.
Conjunct Motion
When a triple rhythm is played over an underlying duple meter.
Triplet
two or more parts singing or playing the same rhythms and pitches, but they vary from each other slightly in a few parts either mostly in ornamentation.
Heterophony
A cadence that ends in some form of V I whose soprano notes must resolve down to 1 by step and both chords must be root position.
Perfect Authentic Cadence
A 6/4 chord that has the same lowest note as the chord proceeding and following.
Neighbor or Pedal 6/4
V V7 viio viio7
Dominant Function Chords
second inversion triad
6/4
Minor scale with a raised scale degree 7
Harmonic Minor
any melodic interval larger than a 3rd
Leap
Two or more parts playing or singing at the same time, same rhythm, but different pitches.
Homophonic
I i VI vi iii III
Tonic Function Chords
The only chord tone that can be omitted and still lets the chord function.
The 5th
Root position 7th chord
7/5/3
minor scale that has a raised scale degree 6 and 7 ascending and then lowered on the way back down.
Melodic Minor
Any interval larger than an octave
Compound interval
Each part of the texture is echoing either at a different pitch level or the same, but not at the same time. Canon is an example of this type of texture.
Imitative Polyphony
a voice leading error when a dissonant interval like a tritone is sound melodically from one chord to another adjacent chord in the same voice or in different voices.
cross relation
a 6/4 chord that’s lowest note is of the same chord as the chord proceeding and following.
Arpeggiated 6/4
A musical idea
Motive
a musical line that is mostly made up of skips and leaps
Disjunct Motion