Part 1
What is the definition of Mustalah al hadith?
The knowledge of why the condition of the narration and the narrator is known as to whether they are to be accepted or rejected.
What is meant by complete accuracy?
No missing narrator
Free from any irregularities and defects
Complete precision
What is the definition of Ziyadah Fil-Hadith?
One of the narrators ascribes to the hadith that is not from it.
What are the two types of Jarh? (with definition)
Mutlaq: When the narrator is criticised for something in general
Muqayid: When the narrator is criticised for something specific
What are the two categories of ta’dil, and what do they mean?
Mutlaq: reliable in every situation
Al-Muqayid: Reliable only in specific situations
What are the benefits of Mustalah al hadith?
Awareness of what is to be accepted and what is to be rejected from the narration and the narrators.
What are the rulings on mursal hadith?
They are only accepted if they are:
1. The mursal of a sahabi
2. The mursal of Kibaar all Tabi’n according to many of the people of knowledge, if it’s supported by another mursal narration, or the action of a sahabi, or analogy.
3. The mu’allaq narrations that are in the books that are necessarily authentic, like ‘Sahih al Bukhari’
4. That which comes via another path in connected form and for which the prerequisites for acceptance are fulfilled.
What is the definition and ruling of Al-Mudtarib Hadith?
Definition:
When there is a difference in narration, chain, or text, and it is not possible to reconcile it or to prefer one narration to another.
Ruling:
Narrated as Da’if and cannot be used in proofs.
When is Riwayat al Hadith bil Ma'na permissible?
That it is from someone knowledgeable of its meaning, and is knowledgeable of the language
It is necessary because the person forgot the exact wording, but they need to say that they are summarizing it
That it is not concerning the wordings with which worship is done, like words of Dhikr and its like
Explain the levels of ta’dil.
Highest: evidence that the objective has been reached
A quality or two
Close to the lightest form of criticism
What are the two classifications of narrators? Explain.
Muatawair: A narration related from a group of people where it is impossible for them to unite upon a lie. Only 15 Mutawatir Hadith, always Sahih
Ahad: 1, 2, 3-9, people or narrators. Definition: that which is other than Mutsawatir has some doubts.
What are the types of munqati al sanad? What is the definition of each one?
Mursal: the tabi’ skipped the sahabi in the chain
Munqati’: 1,2, or more narrators are skipped, but not in a row.
Mu’dal: 2 or more narrators are skipped in succession.
Mu’allaq: the beginning of the chain is skipped. For example, Bukhari skips his teacher in the chain.
Where can Idraj be placed?
In the beginning:
Hadith of Abu Hurairah (Page 37)
In the middle:
Sitnah Aesha narrating about the Prophet in Ghar Hira2 (Page 37)
In the end:
Abu Hurayyrah narrates the Prophet’s words about the day of judgement.
What are the conditions for accepting Jarh?
From someone upright
From someone who is alert and aware
From someone who is knowledgeable of the cases of criticism
That the reason for the Jarh is made clear
That it does not happen with regard to someone whose adalah is known by a large number of people (mutawatir) and whose being an Imam is well known, such as Imam Malik.
What are the conditions for accepting ta’dil?
Upright (adl)
The person must be alert and understand the situation
Knowledgeable of conditions for ta’dil
Ta’dil cannot be for someone who is well-known for being BAD
What are the types of narrations and their definitions?
Al hadith: A narration connected to the Prophet through his sayings, actions, approvals, descriptions, and manners
A Khabar: has a meaning of a hadith connected to the Prophet and the Sahabah, more general and inclusive
Al Athar: Narration connected to the Sahabah and the Tabiin.
Al Qudsi: The meaning from Allah (swt) in the words of the Prophet. It can't be used in Salah, nor is it mutawatir, nor is it part of the challenge to create something like the Quran.
What is tadlis, and what are the two categories of tadlis?
It is the bringing of a hadith with its chain of narrators and giving the false impression that it's shorter than it actually is.
The two categories of tadlis are:
Tadlis al sanad: When the narrator gives the impression that he heard or saw the narration from the person he is narrating from when they didn’t. Ex: “he said”, “He did”
Tadlis al shuyukh: When the narrator names this shaykh or describes him with something other than that by which he is known by giving the false impression that he is someone else for whatever reason.
What is the ruling for Idraj? (state all four)
It needs evidence and can only be proven with one of these four things:
Speech of the narrator themselves
Speech of a great imam
Impossible for the prophet to have said it.
Given evidence
What are the different types of Al Hadith Al-Mawdu?
a. Az-Zandiqah: Those who wish to corrupt the beliefs of the Muslims, distort Islam, and alter its rulings.
b. Al-Mutazalifun Ilaa Khulifaa wal Umara: Those who get closer to the ones with power to benefit from them.
c. Al-Mutazalifun Ilaa ‘Amah: Those who mention strange things for money or to encourage and warn people.
d. Al-Mutahamisun: Those who fabricate hadith concerning the virtues of Islam and what is connected
What are the 3 categories that the classification of narration is divided into? Define them.
Marfu’: That which is connected to the Prophet (s)
Mawquf: That which is connected to a companion and is not affirmed as having the ruling of being marfu.
Maqtu’: That which is connected to a successor and those after.
What are the types of Mutawatir and Ahad? Explain.
Mutawatir:
Mutawir in wording and meaning
Mutawatir in meaning only
Ahad:
Mashhur: 3-9 people
Aziz: Only 2 people
Gharib: 1 person only
What are the 5 types of mudalisoon?
Those who are rarely described with it, like Yahya bin Sa’id
Whoever tadlis was tolerated by the Imams, and they reported from them in ‘As Sahih’ due to their leadership and due to a small amount of tadlis in what they narrate, like Sufyan Al-thawri. Another reason being due to they are not performing tadlis, except on the authority of reliable people, such as Sufyan bin Uyaynah.
Those who mostly did tadlis, which wasn't restricted to reliable narrators, such as Abuz-Zubayr Al-Makki.
Those whose tadlis are mostly from weak narrators and unknown people, like Baqiyyah bin Al-Walid.
Whoever is afflicted with weakness due to another matter, like Abdullah bin Luhayah.
What are the five rulings/stipulations for Ikhtisar to be valid?
That it doesn’t take away the rulings of the hadith; the exception, purpose, intent, circumstance, and condition
The reason for the hadith being revealed has not been removed
The hadith is missing the clarification of describing an act of worship, ex, the hadith of the Prophet, “when one of you sits in prayer, say, ‘ attahayatu lillah…” and skipping the first part.
The hadith is narrated by someone knowledgeable who knows what words will put holes in the hadith of removal
The hadith is not narrated by a narrator with a bad memory, because then there will be suspicion
The fabricators are many: from the bigger and most famous ones:
Ishaq bin Nujayh
Ma’mun bin Ahmad al-Harawi
Muhammad bin As Sa’ib Al-Kalbi
Al-Mughirah bin Sa’id Al Kulfi
Muqatil bin Sulayman
Al-Waqidi bin Abi Yahya
What are the two types of marfu hadith?
Marfu’ Sarihan: Every saying or action that the Prophet (s) was aware of but did not disapprove of, then it is marfu’ sarih by way of tacit approval.
Marfu’ Hukman:
Any saying that a Sahabi that isn’t possible for him to have come up with, like signs of the day of judgement.
Any action a Sahabi does that couldn’t have been his own opinion, like the solar eclipse prayer, which Ali (raa) prayed.
The اقرار of the Prophet (pbuh), but we don’t know if he knew about it, like the incident of slaughtering and eating the horse.
Sahabi saying that something is from the Sunnah of the prophet (pbuh)
Sahabi saying that they were ordered to do something or forbidden from doing something.
Sahabi rules that something is disobedience like the saying of Abi Hurayrah concerning the person who left the Masjid after the adhan had been called.
Shabi elevating the hadith to the Prophet (pbuh).