Effects Of Mutations
A nonsense mutation is when a _________ appears before it's supposed to.
stop codon
Which mutation occur within a single gene?They involve changes in the DNA base sequence (base pairs.
Gene Mutations
This mutation happens without chemicals/radiation.
Spontaneous Mutations
What is an everyday example of a mutation?
Cancer, cystic fibrosis, etc
A silent mutation is when there is base-pair substitution in the ________ letter of a codon.
third
This mutation can be passed to offspring.
Germ-line
All mutations have negative side effects. True Or False.
False
Cancer is always a result of a _______ in the _______________.
mutation, genetic sequence
A frameshift mutation is the result of an __________ or _________ of nucleotides in a DNA sequence.
Insertion, deletion
Mutations occur in this molecule that carries genetic information
DNA
About ____ of our DNA doesn’t code for proteins, it’s “noncoding” DNA that mostly acts as extra instructions or filler.
99%
UV light can cause ______ mutations, leading to ____________.
point, skin cancer
What is the effect of a mutation that changes a single amino acid because of a base-pair substitution.
Missense
A (blank) mutation happens in body cells after birth due to mutagens like UV light or X-rays.
somatic
When a section of DNA is transferred from one chromosome to another ____________ (not of the same pair) chromosome
non-homologous
Cystic fibrosis is inherited in an ______________ pattern.
autosomal recessive
Explain why an insertion or a deletion can shift the reading frame of an mRNA sequence.
An insertion or deletion adds or removes nucleotides in numbers not divisible by three, which shifts the codon groupings in mRNA and changes every amino acid downstream, potentially producing a nonfunctional protein.
What type of mutation involves large-scale changes to chromosomes? (eg. Extra chromosomes (three instead of two in a pair.))
Chromosomal Mutation
Explain the difference between a non-point and a point mutation.
A point mutation changes a single DNA base, while a non-point mutation changes large sections of DNA or whole chromosomes.
Cystic fibrosis is caused by a mutation in the ___________ gene.
CFTR gene