Mutagens & Environmental Effects
Radiation and certain chemicals are known as this because they cause mutations.
What are mutagens?
mRNA determines the sequence of these building blocks of proteins.
What are amino acids?
Mutations that involve insertions or deletions cause this kind of shift.
What is a frameshift?
XXY results from this chromosome mistake.
What is nondisjunction?
Mutations play a role in this process that increases species diversity.
What is evolution?
This is NOT an example of a mutagen: cigarette smoke, UV light, nuclear radiation, or a healthy diet.
What is a healthy diet?
A mutation affects the amino acid sequence because it changes the code in this molecule.
What is mRNA?
In a frameshift mutation, every amino acid _____ the mutation is incorrect.
What is after?
Nondisjunction of chromosome 21 leads to this disorder.
What is Down syndrome?
A mutation is a _______ in the DNA sequence.
What is a change?
A mutagen that technicians use a lead vest to protect you from.
What are X-rays?
A substitution that changes an amino acid to a STOP codon.
What is a nonsense mutation?
A mutation that results in a longer DNA strand.
What is an insertion?
Chromosomal mutations occur during this stage of the cell cycle.
What is cell division?
Mutations not passed to offspring occur in these cells.
What are body cells?
Mutations caused by environmental factors may result in this type of variation.
What are both somatic and germline mutations?
A substitution that results in a different amino acid.
What is a missense mutation?
Changing ACTGAC to ACCTGAC is this type of mutation.
What is an insertion?
Mutations that cause chromosomes not to separate correctly during this process.
What is meiosis?
A mutation added or removed a base and shifted the reading frame; this is a _______ mutation.
What is a frameshift mutation?
The ability to digest lactose in adults is this type of mutation.
What is a beneficial mutation?
This process is when cells fix errors that prevent inheritable mutations.
What is repair?
This term refers to the single DNA unit altered in a point mutation.
What is a nucleotide?
A mutation affecting an entire chromosome rather than one gene.
What is a chromosomal mutation?
Mutations in egg or sperm are pass to the next ______.
What is a generation?