Mutations 101
T or F: All mutations are harmful.
False
Changes in just one nucleotide pair of a gene.
Point Mutation
Mutations that are caused by environmental agents and occur at a higher rate are known as _______ _______.
Induced Mutations
What is the most common DNA repair system?
Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER)
Abnormal growth of cells can cause a specific type of mutation/disease known as ______.
Cancer
Mutation that changes one amino acid.
Missense mutation
Mutagens
An error is detected and a strand of surrounding DNA is removed and replaced.
Mismatch Repair
What are the three point mutations?
Substitution, insertion, and deletion.
A mutation that does not alter the amino acid sequence.
Silent mutation
high energy, penetrates deeply to create free radicals.
The enzyme that proofreads DNA sequences during replication is known as ___ __________.
DNA polymerase
mutations are sometimes passed down through ___ /_____.
eggs/sperm
A mutation caused by the addition or deletion of nucleotides in a DNA sequence. Changes all amino acids downstream from the mutation.
Frameshift mutation
Promotes thymine dimer formation, involving covalent bonds between adjacent thymines.
Non-ionizing radiation (UV rays)
DNA repair fails to keep up with the abnormal cell growth that ______ causes.
Cancer
This type of mutation causes sickle cell anemia.
Missense mutation
A mutation that Changes a normal codon to a stop codon.
Nonsense mutation
UV rays can cause ______ ______ to form, causing gaps or incorporation of incorrect bases.
Thymine Dimers
Enzyme that acts as molecular glue, sealing gaps in the sugar phosphate backbone.
DNA ligase