Which Enlightenment philosopher argued on behalf of the existence of Natural Rights?
John Locke
100
According to Locke, man has three Natural Rights. Name them.
life, liberty, property.
100
_______________ is the idea that monarchs are chosen by God and may do as they please.
Divine Right.
100
Which value is essential to Hobbes' interpretation of human nature within its natural state?
Equality
100
The ______________________ is the combination of controlled and measured experimentation and logic in order to understand natural processes.
Scientific method.
200
Which two values of Hobbes argue for when creating a government?
Order and authority
200
What is the only law that exists in the state of nature according to Locke?
Man man do whatever he sees fit, except do harm to himself or others.
200
Which absolute ruler tried to modernize his nation by forcing the nobility to adopt elements of German culture?
Peter the Great of Russia
200
Which document, dating back to the 1200s, established a precedent for the rule of law in England?
the Magna Carta.
200
Which scientist used the scientific method and calculus to explain physics?
Isaac Newton
300
Adam Smith created the term "laissez faire" when he applied the concept of Natural Rights to which aspect of society?
economy; free market capitalism
300
When you willingly give up some personal freedom in return for governmental protection, you have entered into a _________________.
Social Contract.
300
List two methods Louis XIV used to maintain absolute authority in France.
Intendents; kept nobility at Versailles
300
In an American court system, a person is innocent until proven guilty and convicted by a jury of their peers. This is an example of which philosopher's political values in action?
John Locke
300
Which scientist was the first to hypothesize that the solar system was heliocentric, and that it did not revolve around the earth?
Copernicus
400
Which philosopher is credited with the concept of checks and balances due to a separation of powers?
Montesquieu
400
According to Hobbes, what is the primary reason governments are formed?
To control man.
400
Who served as Lord Protector of England following Parliamentary victory in the English Civil War?
Oliver Cromwell.
400
Which three values does the creation of the French Palace of Versailles represent?
Hierarchy, order, authority
400
Diderot's invention, called _________________, was published in multiple volumes and "digested" important ideas while presenting them in a logical, readable form.
The Encyclopedia
500
Define Utilitarianism using 10 words or less.
The greatest good for the greatest number of people.
500
What are the three reasons Hobbes argues that men will enter into a state of war?
competition, safety, glory
500
What did Henry VIII do to increase absolute authority of the English monarchs?
Created the Church of England, consolidating religious and political authority in the crown.
500
While not listed on our class values chart, which two cognitive values were fundamentally essential for all scientists and philosophers during the Enlightenment?
Logic and reason
500
Which of the following statements about Mary Wollstonecraft is false:
a. she took the concept of Natural rights and applied it to gender equality.
b. she advocated to women to get the right to vote.
c. she argued education was necessary for women to participate in public life.